योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-16, verse-1

श्रीराम उवाच ।
दोषैर्जर्जरतां याति सत्कार्यादार्यसेवनात् ।
वातान्तःपिच्छलववच्चेतश्चलति चञ्चलम् ॥ १ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
doṣairjarjaratāṃ yāti satkāryādāryasevanāt ,
vātāntaḥpicchalavavaccetaścalati cañcalam 1

1. śrīrāma uvāca | doṣaiḥ jarjaratām yāti satkāryāt ārya-sevanāt
| vāta-antaḥ-piccha-lava-vat cetaḥ calati cañcalam || 1 ||

1. Śrī Rāma said: "The mind (cetas), inherently restless, becomes decrepit due to its flaws, departing from righteous actions and the service of noble individuals. It fluctuates like a feather tuft (piccha) caught within the wind."

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rāma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• दोषैः (doṣaiḥ) - due to its flaws (by faults, by defects, due to flaws)

• जर्जरताम् (jarjaratām) - decrepitude, decay, brokenness, infirmity

• याति (yāti) - attains, becomes (goes, attains, proceeds)

• सत्कार्यात् (satkāryāt) - departing from righteous actions (from good deeds, from righteous actions)

• आर्य-सेवनात् (ārya-sevanāt) - and the service of noble individuals (from serving noble ones, from the service of honourable persons)

• वात-अन्तः-पिच्छ-लव-वत् (vāta-antaḥ-piccha-lava-vat) - like a feather tuft caught within the wind (like a tuft of feather inside the wind)

• चेतः (cetaḥ) - the mind (mind, consciousness, heart)

• चलति (calati) - wavers, fluctuates (moves, stirs, wavers, trembles)

• चञ्चलम् (cañcalam) - inherently restless (restless, unsteady, fickle, agitated)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rāma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rāma, an incarnation of Vishnu

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Past Perfect Active

Past perfect tense (lit), 3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

दोषैः (doṣaiḥ) - due to its flaws (by faults, by defects, due to flaws)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, blemish, error, sin

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Indicates the cause of `jarjaratām yāti`.

जर्जरताम् (jarjaratām) - decrepitude, decay, brokenness, infirmity

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jarjaratā

jarjaratā - decrepitude, decay, brokenness, infirmity, old age

abstract noun from `jarjara`

Note: Object of `yāti`.

याति (yāti) - attains, becomes (goes, attains, proceeds)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present Active

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: yā (class 2)

सत्कार्यात् (satkāryāt) - departing from righteous actions (from good deeds, from righteous actions)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of satkārya

satkārya - good deed, righteous action, virtuous act

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+kārya)

• sat – good, true, real, existing
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  from root as
  Root: as (class 2)
• kārya – work, action, duty, what is to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates separation or deviation from.

आर्य-सेवनात् (ārya-sevanāt) - and the service of noble individuals (from serving noble ones, from the service of honourable persons)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of āryasevana

āryasevana - service to noble ones, serving honourable persons

Compound type : tatpurusha (ārya+sevana)

• ārya – noble, honourable, respectable
  adjective/noun (masculine)
• sevana – service, serving, attendance, cultivation
  noun (neuter)
  from root sev
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Coordinates with `satkāryāt` to indicate separation.

वात-अन्तः-पिच्छ-लव-वत् (vāta-antaḥ-piccha-lava-vat) - like a feather tuft caught within the wind (like a tuft of feather inside the wind)

(indeclinable)

compound ending with `vat` (like)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāta+antar+piccha+lava+vat)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• antar – within, inside
  indeclinable
  preposition/prefix
• piccha – feather, tail-feather, plume
  noun (neuter)
• lava – a particle, a bit, a fragment, a tuft
  noun (masculine)
  from root lū
  Root: lū (class 9)
• vat – like, as, similar to
  indeclinable
  suffix forming adverbs of comparison

Note: Adverbial comparison.

चेतः (cetaḥ) - the mind (mind, consciousness, heart)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetas

cetas - mind, intellect, consciousness, heart

from root cit

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb `calati`.

चलति (calati) - wavers, fluctuates (moves, stirs, wavers, trembles)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of cal

Present Active

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: cal (class 1)

चञ्चलम् (cañcalam) - inherently restless (restless, unsteady, fickle, agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cañcala

cañcala - restless, unsteady, fickle, agitated, moving

from root cal

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `cetaḥ`.