योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-15, verse-6

यानि दुःखानि दीर्घाणि विषमाणि महान्ति च ।
अहंकारात्प्रसूतानि तान्यगात्खदिरा इव ॥ ६ ॥

yāni duḥkhāni dīrghāṇi viṣamāṇi mahānti ca ,
ahaṃkārātprasūtāni tānyagātkhadirā iva 6

6. yāni duḥkhāni dīrghāṇi viṣamāṇi mahānti ca
ahaṅkārāt prasūtāni tāni agāt khadirāḥ iva

6. All those long, severe, and great sufferings, which are born from ego (ahaṅkāra), become as firmly rooted as Khadira trees.

Words meanings summery:

• यानि (yāni) - which, what

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings, miseries, pains

• दीर्घाणि (dīrghāṇi) - long, extensive, prolonged

• विषमाणि (viṣamāṇi) - difficult, severe, uneven, terrible

• महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, extensive

• च (ca) - and, also

• अहङ्कारात् (ahaṅkārāt) - from ego, due to ego

• प्रसूतानि (prasūtāni) - born, arisen, produced

• तानि (tāni) - those

• अगात् (agāt) - Used idiomatically to mean "became" or "are" in the sense of being firmly established. (went, became, came to be)

• खदिराः (khadirāḥ) - Referring to these trees as being tough, thorny, and deeply rooted. (Khadira trees (Acacia catechu))

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

यानि (yāni) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to duḥkhāni.

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings, miseries, pains

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

From dus (bad) + kha (opening of an axle hole, good space). So, "bad space/condition".

Note: Subject of the first clause.

दीर्घाणि (dīrghāṇi) - long, extensive, prolonged

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, extensive, tall

Note: Agrees with duḥkhāni.

विषमाणि (viṣamāṇi) - difficult, severe, uneven, terrible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of viṣama

viṣama - uneven, difficult, severe, perilous, dangerous

From vi (prefix for disjunction) + sama (even, equal).

Note: Agrees with duḥkhāni.

महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, extensive

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

Present participle of root mah (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with duḥkhāni.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अहङ्कारात् (ahaṅkārāt) - from ego, due to ego

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ahaṅkāra

ahaṅkāra - ego, false identification of self with body/mind

From aham (I) + kāra (maker).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates the source of sufferings.

प्रसूतानि (prasūtāni) - born, arisen, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of prasūta

prasūta - born, produced, generated, sprung forth

Past Passive Participle

From pra-sū (to give birth, produce).

Prefix: pra

Root: sū (class 2)

तानि (tāni) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

अगात् (agāt) - Used idiomatically to mean "became" or "are" in the sense of being firmly established. (went, became, came to be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of gam

Aorist (luṅ) 3rd singular

Root gam, Aorist formation.

Root: gam (class 1)

खदिराः (khadirāḥ) - Referring to these trees as being tough, thorny, and deeply rooted. (Khadira trees (Acacia catechu))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of khadira

khadira - catechu tree, acacia catechu (known for its hard wood and thorns)

Note: Used in a simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.

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