रामोपाख्यान
rāmopākhyāna
-
chapter-1, verse-28
बुद्धिश्च हीयते पुंसां नीचैः सह समागमात् ।
मध्यमैर्मध्यतां याति श्रेष्ठतां याति चोत्तमैः ॥२८॥
मध्यमैर्मध्यतां याति श्रेष्ठतां याति चोत्तमैः ॥२८॥
28. buddhiśca hīyate puṁsāṁ nīcaiḥ saha samāgamāt ,
madhyamairmadhyatāṁ yāti śreṣṭhatāṁ yāti cottamaiḥ.
madhyamairmadhyatāṁ yāti śreṣṭhatāṁ yāti cottamaiḥ.
28.
buddhiḥ ca hīyate puṃsām nīcaiḥ saha samāgamāt
madhyamaiḥ madhyatām yāti śreṣṭhatām yāti ca uttamaiḥ
madhyamaiḥ madhyatām yāti śreṣṭhatām yāti ca uttamaiḥ
28.
The intellect of individuals declines through association with inferior people. It achieves mediocrity by associating with mediocre individuals and attains excellence by associating with superior ones.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding, discernment, perception
- च (ca) - and
- हीयते (hīyate) - is diminished, is lost, wastes away
- पुंसाम् (puṁsām) - of men, of persons
- नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - with low people, by inferior persons
- सह (saha) - with, together with
- समागमात् (samāgamāt) - from association, from coming together, from union
- मध्यमैः (madhyamaiḥ) - with mediocre people, with middle-class people
- मध्यताम् (madhyatām) - mediocrity, middleness, middle state
- याति (yāti) - goes, moves, attains, becomes
- श्रेष्ठताम् (śreṣṭhatām) - superiority, excellence, pre-eminence
- याति (yāti) - goes, moves, attains, becomes
- च (ca) - and
- उत्तमैः (uttamaiḥ) - with superior people, with the best ones
Words meanings and morphology
बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect, understanding, discernment, perception
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi
buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception
Derived from root budh (to know, perceive)
Root: budh (class 1)
Note: Subject of hīyate.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
हीयते (hīyate) - is diminished, is lost, wastes away
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of hā
Present Passive
3rd person singular
Root: hā (class 3)
पुंसाम् (puṁsām) - of men, of persons
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of puṃs
puṁs - man, person, male
Note: Qualifies buddhiḥ.
नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - with low people, by inferior persons
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of nīca
nīca - low, inferior, base, humble
Note: Used with saha for association.
सह (saha) - with, together with
(indeclinable)
समागमात् (samāgamāt) - from association, from coming together, from union
(noun)
Ablative, masculine, singular of samāgama
samāgama - association, coming together, meeting
Derived from root gam (to go) with prefixes sam and ā
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Denotes cause.
मध्यमैः (madhyamaiḥ) - with mediocre people, with middle-class people
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of madhyama
madhyama - middle, mediocre, intermediate
Note: Implied saha or instrumental of agency.
मध्यताम् (madhyatām) - mediocrity, middleness, middle state
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of madhyatā
madhyatā - middleness, mediocrity
From madhyama + suffix -tā (feminine abstract noun)
Note: Object of yāti.
याति (yāti) - goes, moves, attains, becomes
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā
Present
3rd person singular
Root: yā (class 2)
Note: Subject is buddhiḥ.
श्रेष्ठताम् (śreṣṭhatām) - superiority, excellence, pre-eminence
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of śreṣṭhatā
śreṣṭhatā - superiority, excellence
From śreṣṭha + suffix -tā (feminine abstract noun)
Note: Object of yāti.
याति (yāti) - goes, moves, attains, becomes
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā
Present
3rd person singular
Root: yā (class 2)
Note: Subject is buddhiḥ.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
उत्तमैः (uttamaiḥ) - with superior people, with the best ones
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of uttama
uttama - highest, best, superior, principal
Superlative
Superlative of ut (up, excellent)
Note: Implied saha or instrumental of agency.