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रामोपाख्यान       rāmopākhyāna - chapter-1, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
एवं द्यूतजिताः पार्थाः कोपिताश्च दुरात्मभिः ।
धार्तराष्ट्रैः सहामात्यैर्निकृत्या द्विजसत्तम ॥१॥
1. janamejaya uvāca ,
evaṁ dyūtajitāḥ pārthāḥ kopitāśca durātmabhiḥ ,
dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ sahāmātyairnikṛtyā dvijasattama.
1. janamejaya uvāca evam dyūtajitāḥ pārthāḥ kopitāḥ ca
durātmabhiḥ dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ saha amātyaiḥ nikṛtyā dvijasattama
1. Janamejaya spoke: "O best among the twice-born (dvijasattama), the Pārthas were thus defeated in gambling and angered by the wicked Dhārtarāṣṭras along with their ministers, who acted with deceit."

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

  • जनमेजय (janamejaya) - King Janamejaya (Janamejaya)
  • उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said
  • एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so
  • द्यूतजिताः (dyūtajitāḥ) - conquered by gambling, defeated in gambling
  • पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pārthas (i.e., the Pandavas) (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā)
  • कोपिताः (kopitāḥ) - angered, enraged, made angry
  • (ca) - and, also
  • दुरात्मभिः (durātmabhiḥ) - by wicked persons, by evil-minded ones
  • धार्तराष्ट्रैः (dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ) - by the Dhārtarāṣṭras (i.e., the Kauravas) (by the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
  • सह (saha) - with, along with
  • अमात्यैः (amātyaiḥ) - by ministers, by companions
  • निकृत्या (nikṛtyā) - by deceit, by trickery, by fraud
  • द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best among the twice-born (dvijasattama), referring to Vaiśampāyana (O best among the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - King Janamejaya (Janamejaya)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya
janamejaya - Janamejaya (a king)
उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac
perfect active
Root: vac (class 2)
एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so
(indeclinable)
द्यूतजिताः (dyūtajitāḥ) - conquered by gambling, defeated in gambling
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dyūtajita
dyūtajita - conquered by gambling
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dyūta+jita)
  • dyūta – gambling, game of dice
    noun (neuter)
    Root: div (class 4)
  • jita – conquered, vanquished, overcome
    adjective (masculine)
    Past Passive Participle
    Derived from root ji (to conquer)
    Root: ji (class 1)
पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pārthas (i.e., the Pandavas) (the Pārthas, sons of Pṛthā)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha
pārtha - son of Pṛthā; a name for the Pandavas
कोपिताः (kopitāḥ) - angered, enraged, made angry
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kopita
kopita - angered, enraged, provoked
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root kup (to be angry), often with causative sense
Root: kup (class 4)
(ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
दुरात्मभिः (durātmabhiḥ) - by wicked persons, by evil-minded ones
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of durātman
durātman - wicked person, evil-minded, vile
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+ātman)
  • dur – bad, difficult, ill
    indeclinable
    Prefix/Upasarga
  • ātman – soul, self, spirit, person, essence
    noun (masculine)
    Root: an (class 2)
धार्तराष्ट्रैः (dhārtarāṣṭraiḥ) - by the Dhārtarāṣṭras (i.e., the Kauravas) (by the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
(proper noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of dhārtarāṣṭra
dhārtarāṣṭra - descendant of Dhṛtarāṣṭra; a name for the Kauravas
सह (saha) - with, along with
(indeclinable)
अमात्यैः (amātyaiḥ) - by ministers, by companions
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of amātya
amātya - minister, companion, colleague
निकृत्या (nikṛtyā) - by deceit, by trickery, by fraud
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of nikṛti
nikṛti - deceit, fraud, trickery, dishonesty
Prefix: ni
Root: kṛ (class 8)
द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best among the twice-born (dvijasattama), referring to Vaiśampāyana (O best among the twice-born)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama
dvijasattama - best among the twice-born (dvijasattama)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)
  • dvija – twice-born, Brahmin, bird, snake
    noun (masculine)
    Derived from 'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born)
    Root: jan (class 4)
  • sattama – best, most excellent
    adjective (masculine)
    Superlative suffix -tama