रामोपाख्यान
rāmopākhyāna
-
chapter-1, verse-11
व्रजतस्तान्विदित्वा तु पौराः शोकाभिपीडिताः ।
गर्हयन्तोऽसकृद्भीष्मविदुरद्रोणगौतमान् ।
ऊचुर्विगतसंत्रासाः समागम्य परस्परम् ॥११॥
गर्हयन्तोऽसकृद्भीष्मविदुरद्रोणगौतमान् ।
ऊचुर्विगतसंत्रासाः समागम्य परस्परम् ॥११॥
11. vrajatastānviditvā tu paurāḥ śokābhipīḍitāḥ ,
garhayanto'sakṛdbhīṣmaviduradroṇagautamān ,
ūcurvigatasaṁtrāsāḥ samāgamya parasparam.
garhayanto'sakṛdbhīṣmaviduradroṇagautamān ,
ūcurvigatasaṁtrāsāḥ samāgamya parasparam.
11.
vrajataḥ tān viditvā tu paurāḥ
śokābhipīḍitāḥ garhayantaḥ asakṛt
bhīṣmaviduradroṇagautamān ūcuḥ
vigatasaṃtrāsāḥ samāgamya parasparam
śokābhipīḍitāḥ garhayantaḥ asakṛt
bhīṣmaviduradroṇagautamān ūcuḥ
vigatasaṃtrāsāḥ samāgamya parasparam
11.
But the citizens, afflicted by sorrow, having seen them depart, repeatedly censured Bhīṣma, Vidura, Droṇa, and Gautama (Kṛpa). Having gathered together, they spoke among themselves, now fearless.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- व्रजतः (vrajataḥ) - them as they were going (of the going ones, while going, as they went)
- तान् (tān) - the Pāṇḍavas (them, those)
- विदित्वा (viditvā) - having seen/noticed (their departure) (having known, having understood, having perceived)
- तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
- पौराः (paurāḥ) - citizens, townspeople
- शोकाभिपीडिताः (śokābhipīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by sorrow, tormented by grief
- गर्हयन्तः (garhayantaḥ) - censuring, blaming, condemning
- असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, often, not once
- भीष्मविदुरद्रोणगौतमान् (bhīṣmaviduradroṇagautamān) - Bhīṣma, Vidura, Droṇa, and Kṛpācārya (who was a Gautama by lineage) (Bhīṣma, Vidura, Droṇa, and Gautama (Kṛpa))
- ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, they spoke
- विगतसंत्रासाः (vigatasaṁtrāsāḥ) - freed from fear, fearless
- समागम्य (samāgamya) - having met, having assembled, having gathered
- परस्परम् (parasparam) - to each other, among themselves, mutually
Words meanings and morphology
व्रजतः (vrajataḥ) - them as they were going (of the going ones, while going, as they went)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of vrajat
vrajat - going, moving
Present Active Participle
From root vraj (to go).
Root: vraj (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'tān'.
तान् (tān) - the Pāṇḍavas (them, those)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Object of 'viditvā'.
विदित्वा (viditvā) - having seen/noticed (their departure) (having known, having understood, having perceived)
(indeclinable)
absolutive (gerund)
From root vid (to know) with suffix -tvā.
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Action completed before 'ūcuḥ'.
तु (tu) - but, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
पौराः (paurāḥ) - citizens, townspeople
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of paura
paura - citizen, townsperson, belonging to a city
Derived from pura (city).
Note: Subject of 'ūcuḥ'.
शोकाभिपीडिताः (śokābhipīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by sorrow, tormented by grief
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śokābhipīḍita
śokābhipīḍita - afflicted by sorrow
Past Passive Participle
From śoka (sorrow) + abhipīḍita (afflicted), which is from abhi + root pīḍ (to oppress).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+abhipīḍita)
- śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
noun (masculine)
From root śuc (to grieve).
Root: śuc (class 1) - abhipīḍita – oppressed, tormented, afflicted
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root pīḍ with upasarga abhi.
Prefix: abhi
Root: pīḍ (class 10)
Note: Qualifies 'paurāḥ'.
गर्हयन्तः (garhayantaḥ) - censuring, blaming, condemning
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of garhayant
garhayant - censuring, blaming
Present Active Participle
From the causative stem of root garh (to blame).
Root: garh (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'paurāḥ'.
असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, often, not once
(indeclinable)
Compound of a (not) + sakṛt (once).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+sakṛt)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - sakṛt – once, at once
indeclinable
From sa (with) + kṛt (doing, time).
Note: Modifies 'garhayantaḥ'.
भीष्मविदुरद्रोणगौतमान् (bhīṣmaviduradroṇagautamān) - Bhīṣma, Vidura, Droṇa, and Kṛpācārya (who was a Gautama by lineage) (Bhīṣma, Vidura, Droṇa, and Gautama (Kṛpa))
(proper noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of bhīṣmaviduradroṇagautama
bhīṣmaviduradroṇagautama - Bhīṣma, Vidura, Droṇa, and Gautama
Dvaṃdva compound of several proper names.
Compound type : dvaṃdva (bhīṣma+vidura+droṇa+gautama)
- bhīṣma – a character in the Mahābhārata
proper noun (masculine) - vidura – a character in the Mahābhārata, half-brother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Pāṇḍu
proper noun (masculine) - droṇa – a character in the Mahābhārata, teacher of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas
proper noun (masculine) - gautama – descendant of Gotama, name of Kṛpācārya
proper noun (masculine)
Patronymic derived from Gotama.
Note: Object of 'garhayantaḥ'.
ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, they spoke
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac
Perfect Tense
Perfect third person plural from root vac. Irregular form.
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Main verb of the sentence.
विगतसंत्रासाः (vigatasaṁtrāsāḥ) - freed from fear, fearless
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vigatasaṃtrāsa
vigatasaṁtrāsa - having lost fear, fearless
`vi-gata` (gone away) from `saṃtrāsa` (fear).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vigata+saṃtrāsa)
- vigata – gone away, disappeared, removed
participle (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root gam (to go) with upasarga vi.
Prefix: vi
Root: gam (class 1) - saṃtrāsa – great fear, terror
noun (masculine)
From root tras (to tremble) with upasarga sam.
Prefix: sam
Root: tras (class 4)
Note: Qualifies 'paurāḥ'.
समागम्य (samāgamya) - having met, having assembled, having gathered
(indeclinable)
absolutive (gerund)
From root gam (to go) with upasargas sam and ā.
Prefixes: sam+ā
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Action completed before 'ūcuḥ'.
परस्परम् (parasparam) - to each other, among themselves, mutually
(indeclinable)
Adverbial form.
Note: Modifies 'ūcuḥ'.