रामोपाख्यान
rāmopākhyāna
-
chapter-1, verse-2
श्राविताः परुषा वाचः सृजद्भिर्वैरमुत्तमम् ।
किमकुर्वन्त कौरव्या मम पूर्वपितामहाः ॥२॥
किमकुर्वन्त कौरव्या मम पूर्वपितामहाः ॥२॥
2. śrāvitāḥ paruṣā vācaḥ sṛjadbhirvairamuttamam ,
kimakurvanta kauravyā mama pūrvapitāmahāḥ.
kimakurvanta kauravyā mama pūrvapitāmahāḥ.
2.
śrāvitāḥ paruṣāḥ vācaḥ sṛjadbhiḥ vairam uttamam
kim akurvanta kauravyāḥ mama pūrvapitāmahāḥ
kim akurvanta kauravyāḥ mama pūrvapitāmahāḥ
2.
Harsh words were made to be heard by them by those who were creating great enmity. What then did my great-grandfathers, the Kauravas (Pārthas), do?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- श्राविताः (śrāvitāḥ) - made to hear, caused to hear, proclaimed
- परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, severe
- वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches, voices
- सृजद्भिः (sṛjadbhiḥ) - by those creating, by those causing
- वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, hatred
- उत्तमम् (uttamam) - great, excellent, supreme, intense
- किम् (kim) - what?, why?
- अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - what did they do? (they did, they made)
- कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kauravas (here referring to Janamejaya's ancestors, the Pandavas) (the Kauravas)
- मम (mama) - my, of me
- पूर्वपितामहाः (pūrvapitāmahāḥ) - great-grandfathers, ancestors
Words meanings and morphology
श्राविताः (śrāvitāḥ) - made to hear, caused to hear, proclaimed
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śrāvita
śrāvita - made to hear, caused to hear
Past Passive Participle (causative)
Derived from the causative stem of śru (to hear)
Root: śru (class 1)
परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, severe
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of paruṣa
paruṣa - harsh, rough, severe, cruel
Note: Agrees with 'vācaḥ'
वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches, voices
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of vāc
vāc - word, speech, voice, language
Root: vac (class 2)
सृजद्भिः (sṛjadbhiḥ) - by those creating, by those causing
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of sṛjat
sṛjat - creating, emitting, abandoning
Present Active Participle
Derived from root sṛj (to create, emit)
Root: sṛj (class 6)
वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, hatred
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira
vaira - enmity, hostility, hatred, revenge
उत्तमम् (uttamam) - great, excellent, supreme, intense
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama
uttama - best, excellent, supreme, highest
Prefix: ud
Root: tam
Note: Agrees with 'vairam'
किम् (kim) - what?, why?
(interrogative pronoun)
Note: Used here as an interrogative adverb.
अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - what did they do? (they did, they made)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ
imperfect
Root: kṛ (class 8)
कौरव्याः (kauravyāḥ) - the Kauravas (here referring to Janamejaya's ancestors, the Pandavas) (the Kauravas)
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kauravya
kauravya - descendant of Kuru; a name for the Pandavas and Kauravas
मम (mama) - my, of me
(pronoun)
Genitive, singular of mad
mad - I, me (pronoun)
पूर्वपितामहाः (pūrvapitāmahāḥ) - great-grandfathers, ancestors
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pūrvapitāmaha
pūrvapitāmaha - great-grandfather, ancestor
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+pitāmaha)
- pūrva – former, previous, prior
adjective (masculine) - pitāmaha – grandfather
noun (masculine)