वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-55, verse-13

नायं मया शरः पूर्वं रावणस्य वधार्थिना ।
मुक्तः शत्रुघ्न भूतानां महांस्त्रासो भवेदिति ॥१३॥

13. nāyaṃ mayā śaraḥ pūrvaṃ rāvaṇasya vadhārthinā ,
muktaḥ śatrughna bhūtānāṃ mahāṃstrāso bhavediti.

13. na ayam mayā śaraḥ pūrvam rāvaṇasya vadhārthinā
muktaḥ śatrughna bhūtānām mahān trāsaḥ bhavet iti

13. śatrughna mayā pūrvam rāvaṇasya vadhārthinā ayam
śaraḥ na muktaḥ iti bhūtānām mahān trāsaḥ bhavet

13. O Śatrughna, I did not release this arrow previously for the purpose of killing Rāvaṇa, thinking that 'a great terror would befall (all) beings'.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• मया (mayā) - by me

• शरः (śaraḥ) - arrow

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Rāvaṇa

• वधार्थिना (vadhārthinā) - by me (Rama) who desired to kill (Rāvaṇa) (by one desirous of killing)

• मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - released, discharged, thrown

• शत्रुघ्न (śatrughna) - O vanquisher of enemies! O Śatrughna!

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

• महान् (mahān) - great, immense, large

• त्रासः (trāsaḥ) - terror, fear, dread

• भवेत् (bhavet) - would befall (there would be, might be, should be)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the action.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with śaraḥ.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Agent in the passive construction muktaḥ.

शरः (śaraḥ) - arrow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow

From √śṝ (to crush, break).

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Subject of the passive verb muktaḥ.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

Often used adverbially in neuter accusative singular.

Note: Adverb of time.

रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper noun)

Name of the demon king of Laṅkā.

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Relates to the act of killing.

वधार्थिना (vadhārthinā) - by me (Rama) who desired to kill (Rāvaṇa) (by one desirous of killing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vadhārthin

vadhārthin - desirous of killing, intent on killing

Formed from vadha (killing) + arthin (desirous of).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vadha+arthin)

• vadha – killing, slaying
  noun (masculine)
  From √vadh (to strike, kill).
  Root: vadh (class 1)
• arthin – desirous, seeking, requesting
  adjective
  From artha (purpose, wealth) + -in (possessive suffix).

Note: Qualifies mayā (by me).

मुक्तः (muktaḥ) - released, discharged, thrown

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mukta

mukta - released, freed, discharged

Past Passive Participle

From √muc (to release, free).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Predicate for ayam śaraḥ.

शत्रुघ्न (śatrughna) - O vanquisher of enemies! O Śatrughna!

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śatrughna

śatrughna - vanquisher of enemies; Śatrughna (proper noun, name of Rama's brother)

From śatru (enemy) + √han (to strike, kill) with a suffix making it an agent noun.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (śatru+ghna)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śad (class 1)
• ghna – killing, destroying (suffix)
  adjective
  Derived from √han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Address to Śatrughna.

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - a being, creature; what has been

Past Passive Participle

From √bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Possessive relationship with trāsaḥ.

महान् (mahān) - great, immense, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Stem is mahat, nominative singular masculine is mahān.

Note: Agrees with trāsaḥ.

त्रासः (trāsaḥ) - terror, fear, dread

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trāsa

trāsa - terror, fear, dread

From √tras (to tremble, fear).

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Subject of bhavet.

भवेत् (bhavet) - would befall (there would be, might be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative Active

Optative 3rd person singular of √bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses possibility or potential.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the quote or thought.