वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-55, verse-11

अदृश्यः सर्वभूतानां तेनायं हि शरोत्तमः ।
सृष्टः क्रोधाभिभूतेन विनाशार्थं दुरात्मनोः ।
मधुकैटभयोर्वीर विघाते वर्तमानयोः ॥११॥

11. adṛśyaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ tenāyaṃ hi śarottamaḥ ,
sṛṣṭaḥ krodhābhibhūtena vināśārthaṃ durātmanoḥ ,
madhukaiṭabhayorvīra vighāte vartamānayoḥ.

11. adṛśyaḥ sarvabhūtānām tena ayam hi
śarottamaḥ sṛṣṭaḥ krodhābhibhūtena
vināśārtham durātmanoḥ
madhukaiṭabhayoḥ vīra vighāte vartamānayoḥ

11. vīra adṛśyaḥ sarvabhūtānām ayam hi
śarottamaḥ tena krodhābhibhūtena
vighāte vartamānayoḥ durātmanoḥ
madhukaiṭabhayoḥ vināśārtham sṛṣṭaḥ

11. O hero, this supreme arrow, invisible to all beings, was indeed created by one overwhelmed by anger for the destruction of the two evil-minded Madhu and Kaiṭabha, who were then engaged in their obstructive activities.

Words meanings summery:

• अदृश्यः (adṛśyaḥ) - invisible, imperceptible, unseen

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• शरोत्तमः (śarottamaḥ) - best of arrows, supreme arrow

• सृष्टः (sṛṣṭaḥ) - created, made

• क्रोधाभिभूतेन (krodhābhibhūtena) - by one overwhelmed by anger

• विनाशार्थम् (vināśārtham) - for the purpose of destruction, to destroy

• दुरात्मनोः (durātmanoḥ) - of the two evil-minded ones, of the two wicked ones

• मधुकैटभयोः (madhukaiṭabhayoḥ) - of Madhu and Kaiṭabha

• वीर (vīra) - O hero!

• विघाते (vighāte) - in the act of obstruction (in obstruction, in hindrance, in destruction)

• वर्तमानयोः (vartamānayoḥ) - who were then engaged (in obstructing) (who were present, existing, acting, being)

Words meanings and morphology

अदृश्यः (adṛśyaḥ) - invisible, imperceptible, unseen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adṛśya

adṛśya - invisible, imperceptible, unseen

Gerundive (kṛtya)

Formed from na-dṛśya, meaning 'not to be seen'. dṛśya is derived from √dṛś with the suffix -ya.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+dṛśya)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• dṛśya – visible, to be seen
  adjective
  Gerundive (kṛtya)
  Derived from √dṛś (to see) with suffix -ya.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, every creature

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective
• bhūta – a being, creature; what has been
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhū (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The compound is treated as a neuter noun in plural genitive.

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the creator of the arrow.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the arrow (śarottamaḥ).

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle emphasizing the statement.

शरोत्तमः (śarottamaḥ) - best of arrows, supreme arrow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarottama

śarottama - best of arrows, supreme arrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+uttama)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  From √śṝ (to crush, break).
  Root: śṝ (class 9)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective
  Superlative of 'ud' or 'ava'.

Note: Refers to the arrow itself.

सृष्टः (sṛṣṭaḥ) - created, made

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sṛṣṭa

sṛṣṭa - created, produced, made

Past Passive Participle

From √sṛj (to create, emit).

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with śarottamaḥ.

क्रोधाभिभूतेन (krodhābhibhūtena) - by one overwhelmed by anger

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krodhābhibhūta

krodhābhibhūta - overcome by anger, filled with rage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (krodha+abhibhūta)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From √krudh (to be angry).
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• abhibhūta – overcome, subdued, vanquished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From abhi-√bhū (to overcome).
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Describes the agent who created the arrow.

विनाशार्थम् (vināśārtham) - for the purpose of destruction, to destroy

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vināśa+artha)

• vināśa – destruction, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-√naś (to be destroyed).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage meaning 'for the purpose of destruction'.

दुरात्मनोः (durātmanoḥ) - of the two evil-minded ones, of the two wicked ones

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, base

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult (prefix)
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Madhu and Kaiṭabha.

मधुकैटभयोः (madhukaiṭabhayoḥ) - of Madhu and Kaiṭabha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of madhukaiṭabha

madhukaiṭabha - Madhu and Kaiṭabha (two demons)

Dvandva compound of the names of two demons.

Compound type : dvandva (madhu+kaiṭabha)

• madhu – Madhu (proper noun), honey, sweet
  proper noun (masculine)
• kaiṭabha – Kaiṭabha (proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Specific demons mentioned in Hindu mythology.

वीर (vīra) - O hero!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man

Note: Addressing the listener.

विघाते (vighāte) - in the act of obstruction (in obstruction, in hindrance, in destruction)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vighāta

vighāta - obstruction, hindrance, destruction

From vi-√han (to strike, destroy).

Prefix: vi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Describes the state or activity of Madhu and Kaiṭabha.

वर्तमानयोः (vartamānayoḥ) - who were then engaged (in obstructing) (who were present, existing, acting, being)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, acting

Present Active Participle

From √vṛt (to be, exist, turn) with śānac suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with madhukaiṭabhayoḥ.