वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-14, verse-8

तं दृष्ट्वा तादृशं सैन्यं दशग्रीवो निशाचरः ।
हर्षान्नादं ततः कृत्वा रोषात् समभिवर्तत ॥८॥

8. taṃ dṛṣṭvā tādṛśaṃ sainyaṃ daśagrīvo niśācaraḥ ,
harṣānnādaṃ tataḥ kṛtvā roṣāt samabhivartata.

8. tam dṛṣṭvā tādṛśam sainyam daśagrīvaḥ niśācaraḥ
harṣāt nādam tataḥ kṛtvā roṣāt samabhivartata

8. Upon seeing such an army, Daśagrīva, the night-wanderer (rākṣasa), first let out a roar of joy, and then advanced with great anger.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (army) (that, him, it)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen, after seeing)

• तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such (such, of that kind, similar)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - an army (army, host, military)

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

• निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - the night-wanderer (rākṣasa) (night-wanderer, Rākṣasa, demon)

• हर्षात् (harṣāt) - from joy (from joy, out of delight)

• नादम् (nādam) - a roar (a sound, roar, cry)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having let out (a roar) (having done, having made)

• रोषात् (roṣāt) - with great anger (from anger, out of wrath)

• समभिवर्तत (samabhivartata) - advanced (advanced, proceeded, went forward)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (army) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Indeclinable participle of root 'dṛś' (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तादृशम् (tādṛśam) - such (such, of that kind, similar)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of that kind, similar

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - an army (army, host, military)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military

Derived from 'senā' (army)

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - having ten necks (an epithet of Rāvaṇa)

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck, throat
  noun (masculine)

निशाचरः (niśācaraḥ) - the night-wanderer (rākṣasa) (night-wanderer, Rākṣasa, demon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'niśā' (night) + 'cara' (moving)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, wanderer
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'car' (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

हर्षात् (harṣāt) - from joy (from joy, out of delight)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, pleasure, excitement

From root 'hṛṣ' (to be excited, rejoice)

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

नादम् (nādam) - a roar (a sound, roar, cry)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāda

nāda - sound, roar, cry, noise

From root 'nad' (to sound, roar)

Root: nad (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem 'tad' + suffix 'tas'

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having let out (a roar) (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Indeclinable participle of root 'kṛ' (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

रोषात् (roṣāt) - with great anger (from anger, out of wrath)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, rage

From root 'ruṣ' (to be angry)

Root: ruṣ (class 4)

समभिवर्तत (samabhivartata) - advanced (advanced, proceeded, went forward)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of samabhivṛt

Root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist) with prefixes 'sam' and 'abhi'

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: vṛt (class 1)

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