वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-14, verse-13

स कक्षमिव विस्तीर्णं शुष्केन्धनसमाकुलम् ।
वातेनाग्निरिवायत्तो ऽदहत् सैन्यं सुदारुणम् ॥१३॥

13. sa kakṣamiva vistīrṇaṃ śuṣkendhanasamākulam ,
vātenāgnirivāyatto'dahat sainyaṃ sudāruṇam.

13. saḥ kakṣam iva vistīrṇam śuṣkendhanasamākulam
vātena agniḥ iva āyattaḥ adahat sainyam sudāruṇam

13. saḥ vātena āyattaḥ agniḥ iva vistīrṇam
śuṣkendhanasamākulam kakṣam iva sudāruṇam sainyam adahat

13. That one, like a fire intensified by the wind, consumed the extremely formidable army, which was vast like a thicket of dry grass and as dense as dry fuel.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - referring to Daśagrīva (he, that (one))

• कक्षम् (kakṣam) - metaphor for the dense enemy army, like a large, combustible thicket (thicket, dry grass, forest)

• इव (iva) - used for comparison (like, as if, as)

• विस्तीर्णम् (vistīrṇam) - the army being spread out over a wide area, like a large thicket (vast, extensive, spread out)

• शुष्केन्धनसमाकुलम् (śuṣkendhanasamākulam) - the army was as dense and combustible as a mass of dry fuel (filled with dry fuel, dense with dry wood)

• वातेन (vātena) - by the action of the wind, fanning the flames (by wind, by air)

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - literal fire, used in the simile (fire)

• इव (iva) - used for comparison (like, as if, as)

• आयत्तः (āyattaḥ) - fire that is supported or fanned by the wind, making it stronger (dependent on, supported by, controlled by, empowered by)

• अदहत् (adahat) - Daśagrīva violently destroyed the army (burned, consumed)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the enemy army (army, host)

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - describing the formidable nature of the army (very terrible, extremely fierce, exceedingly dreadful)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - referring to Daśagrīva (he, that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

कक्षम् (kakṣam) - metaphor for the dense enemy army, like a large, combustible thicket (thicket, dry grass, forest)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kakṣa

kakṣa - thicket, dry grass, jungle, forest, armpit

Note: Used metaphorically for the army, in apposition with 'sainyam' in comparison.

इव (iva) - used for comparison (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

विस्तीर्णम् (vistīrṇam) - the army being spread out over a wide area, like a large thicket (vast, extensive, spread out)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vistīrṇa

vistīrṇa - vast, extensive, spread out

Past Passive Participle

From vi-√stṝ (to spread out) with suffix -ta

Prefix: vi

Root: stṝ (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'kakṣam' and implicitly 'sainyam'

शुष्केन्धनसमाकुलम् (śuṣkendhanasamākulam) - the army was as dense and combustible as a mass of dry fuel (filled with dry fuel, dense with dry wood)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śuṣkendhanasamākula

śuṣkendhanasamākula - filled with dry fuel, dense with dry wood

Tatpuruṣa compound: śuṣka (dry) + indhana (fuel) + samākula (filled with)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śuṣka+indhana+samākula)

• śuṣka – dry, withered
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √śuṣ
  Root: śuṣ (class 4)
• indhana – fuel, firewood
  noun (neuter)
  From √indh
  Root: indh (class 7)
• samākula – full of, crowded with, dense with
  adjective (neuter)
  From sam-ā-√kul (to be confused, crowded)
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: kul (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'kakṣam' and implicitly 'sainyam'

वातेन (vātena) - by the action of the wind, fanning the flames (by wind, by air)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air

From √vā (to blow)

Root: vā (class 2)

अग्निः (agniḥ) - literal fire, used in the simile (fire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, god of fire

Note: Subject of the simile

इव (iva) - used for comparison (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

आयत्तः (āyattaḥ) - fire that is supported or fanned by the wind, making it stronger (dependent on, supported by, controlled by, empowered by)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āyatta

āyatta - dependent on, controlled by, supported by, within the power of

Past Passive Participle

From ā-√yat (to extend, control) with suffix -ta

Prefix: ā

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'agniḥ'

अदहत् (adahat) - Daśagrīva violently destroyed the army (burned, consumed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √dah

Imperfect

From √dah (to burn)

Root: dah (class 1)

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the enemy army (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

Derived from senā (army)

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - describing the formidable nature of the army (very terrible, extremely fierce, exceedingly dreadful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very terrible, extremely fierce, exceedingly dreadful

Compound: su- (very, exceedingly) + dāruṇa (terrible, fierce)

Compound type : karma-dāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, exceedingly, very
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating excellence or intensity
• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, fierce, cruel
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'sainyam'

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