वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-14, verse-11

तैर्निरुच्छ्वासवत्तत्र वध्यमानो दशाननः ।
वर्षमाणैरिव घनैर्यक्षेन्द्रैः संनिरुध्यत ॥११॥

11. tairnirucchvāsavattatra vadhyamāno daśānanaḥ ,
varṣamāṇairiva ghanairyakṣendraiḥ saṃnirudhyata.

11. taiḥ nirucchvāsa-vat tatra vadhyamānaḥ daśānanaḥ
varṣamāṇaiḥ iva ghanaiḥ yakṣendaiḥ saṃnirudhyata

11. tatra taiḥ nirucchvāsa-vat vadhyamānaḥ daśānanaḥ
varṣamāṇaiḥ iva ghanaiḥ yakṣendaiḥ saṃnirudhyata

11. There, Daśānana, being struck by them to the point of breathlessness, was besieged by the chief yakṣas, who were like showering clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• तैः (taiḥ) - by the soldiers of the opposing army (by them)

• निरुच्छ्वास-वत् (nirucchvāsa-vat) - to the point of breathlessness due to the attack (breathlessly, without breath, as if breathless)

• तत्र (tatra) - in the battlefield (there, in that place)

• वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being actively struck or assaulted by the enemy (being struck, being killed, being wounded)

• दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the ten-faced king of Laṅkā (Daśānana (Rāvaṇa))

• वर्षमाणैः (varṣamāṇaiḥ) - by those who were showering (blows, weapons) (by showering, by raining)

• इव (iva) - used for comparison (like, as if, as)

• घनैः (ghanaiḥ) - by dense clouds, metaphor for intense showering (by clouds, by masses)

• यक्षेन्दैः (yakṣendaiḥ) - by the powerful leaders of the yakṣas, a class of nature spirits (by chief yakṣas, by lords of yakṣas)

• संनिरुध्यत (saṁnirudhyata) - was surrounded and hemmed in by the yakṣas (was surrounded, was besieged, was restrained)

Words meanings and morphology

तैः (taiḥ) - by the soldiers of the opposing army (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, it

निरुच्छ्वास-वत् (nirucchvāsa-vat) - to the point of breathlessness due to the attack (breathlessly, without breath, as if breathless)

(indeclinable)

Compound of nirucchvāsa (breathless) and the suffix -vat (like, as if)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nirucchvāsa+vat)

• nirucchvāsa – breathless, gasping
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'nis' (out) + 'ut' (up) + 'śvās' (breath)
  Prefixes: nis+ut
  Root: śvas (class 2)
• vat – like, as if, possessing
  suffix/indeclinable
  Used to form adverbs or adjectives indicating 'like' or 'possessing'

तत्र (tatra) - in the battlefield (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with the suffix -tra

वध्यमानः (vadhyamānaḥ) - being actively struck or assaulted by the enemy (being struck, being killed, being wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being struck, being assaulted

Present Passive Participle

From √vadh (to strike, kill) with suffix -māna

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying Daśānana

दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the ten-faced king of Laṅkā (Daśānana (Rāvaṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśānana

daśānana - having ten faces (a name of Rāvaṇa)

Bahuvrīhi compound: daśan (ten) + ānana (face)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśan+ānana)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

वर्षमाणैः (varṣamāṇaiḥ) - by those who were showering (blows, weapons) (by showering, by raining)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of varṣamāṇa

varṣamāṇa - showering, raining, causing to rain

Present Active Participle

From √vṛṣ (to rain, shower) with suffix -māna

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying yakṣendaiḥ

इव (iva) - used for comparison (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

घनैः (ghanaiḥ) - by dense clouds, metaphor for intense showering (by clouds, by masses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ghana

ghana - cloud, mass, dense, solid, compact

यक्षेन्दैः (yakṣendaiḥ) - by the powerful leaders of the yakṣas, a class of nature spirits (by chief yakṣas, by lords of yakṣas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yakṣendra

yakṣendra - chief of yakṣas, king of yakṣas

Tatpuruṣa compound: yakṣa (yakṣa) + indra (chief)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yakṣa+indra)

• yakṣa – yakṣa (a class of mythological beings, often guardians of treasures)
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king
  noun (masculine)

संनिरुध्यत (saṁnirudhyata) - was surrounded and hemmed in by the yakṣas (was surrounded, was besieged, was restrained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of sam-ni-√rudh

Imperfect Passive

From √rudh (to obstruct, stop) with upasargas sam- and ni-

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: rudh (class 7)

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