वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-14, verse-25

ततः प्रदुद्रुवुः सर्वे यक्षा दृष्ट्वा पराक्रमम् ।
ततो नदीर्गुहाश्चैव विविशुर्भयपीडिताः ॥२५॥

25. tataḥ pradudruvuḥ sarve yakṣā dṛṣṭvā parākramam ,
tato nadīrguhāścaiva viviśurbhayapīḍitāḥ.

25. tataḥ pradudruvuḥ sarve yakṣāḥ dṛṣṭvā parākramam
tataḥ nadīḥ guhāḥ ca eva viviśuḥ bhayapīḍitāḥ

25. Then, all the yakṣas, having witnessed (Daśagrīva's) prowess, fled. Subsequently, overwhelmed by fear, they entered rivers and caves.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, afterwards)

• प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled (they fled, they ran forth)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - the yakṣas (yakṣas)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

• पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - (Daśagrīva's) might/prowess (might, prowess, courage, valor)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (then, thereupon)

• नदीः (nadīḥ) - rivers

• गुहाः (guhāḥ) - caves (caves, grottos)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just)

• विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

• भयपीडिताः (bhayapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by fear (afflicted by fear, tormented by fear)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

adverbial suffix -tas

Root: tad

प्रदुद्रुवुः (pradudruvuḥ) - they fled (they fled, they ran forth)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pradudru

perfect active 3rd plural

derived from pra-√dru (to run)

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Modifies yakṣāḥ.

यक्षाः (yakṣāḥ) - the yakṣas (yakṣas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yakṣa

yakṣa - yakṣa (a class of demigods or nature spirits)

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of pradudruvuḥ.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

derived from √dṛś (to see) + -tvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पराक्रमम् (parākramam) - (Daśagrīva's) might/prowess (might, prowess, courage, valor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parākrama

parākrama - might, prowess, courage, valor, exertion

derived from parā-√kram (to step over, to show valor)

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

adverbial suffix -tas

Root: tad

नदीः (nadīḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Object of viviśuḥ.

गुहाः (guhāḥ) - caves (caves, grottos)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of guhā

guhā - cave, grotto, hiding place

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Object of viviśuḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they entered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of viviśu

perfect active 3rd plural

derived from √viś (to enter), reduplicated perfect

Root: viś (class 6)

भयपीडिताः (bhayapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by fear (afflicted by fear, tormented by fear)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhayapīḍita

bhayapīḍita - afflicted by fear, tormented by fear

Past passive participle 'pīḍita' compounded with 'bhaya'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+pīḍita)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• pīḍita – afflicted, distressed, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  derived from √pīḍ
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Modifies the implied yakṣāḥ.

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