वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-14, verse-12

स दुरात्मा समुद्यम्य कालदण्डोपमां गदाम् ।
प्रविवेश ततः सैन्यं नयन्यक्षान्यमक्षयम् ॥१२॥

12. sa durātmā samudyamya kāladaṇḍopamāṃ gadām ,
praviveśa tataḥ sainyaṃ nayanyakṣānyamakṣayam.

12. saḥ durātmā samudyamya kāladaṇḍopamām gadām
praviveśa tataḥ sainyam nayan yakṣān yamakṣayam

12. saḥ durātmā kāladaṇḍopamām gadām samudyamya
tataḥ sainyam praviveśa yakṣān yamakṣayam nayan

12. That wicked individual, having lifted his mace which resembled the rod of Death (kāladaṇḍa), then plunged into the army, sending the yakṣas to the abode of Yama (yamakṣaya).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - referring to Daśagrīva/Daśānana (he, that (one))

• दुरात्मा (durātmā) - Daśagrīva, characterized by wickedness (evil-souled, wicked, malicious person)

• समुद्यम्य (samudyamya) - having taken up his mace in preparation for attack (having lifted, having raised, having taken up)

• कालदण्डोपमाम् (kāladaṇḍopamām) - his mace was as deadly as the rod wielded by Yama, the god of death (resembling the rod of Yama/Death)

• गदाम् (gadām) - his personal mace, used as a weapon (mace, club)

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - Daśagrīva violently entered the enemy army (entered, went into)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, indicating a sequence of events (then, thereupon, from that)

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the enemy army (army, host)

• नयन् (nayan) - leading the yakṣas to their death (leading, carrying, taking)

• यक्षान् (yakṣān) - the yakṣas in the opposing army (yakṣas)

• यमक्षयम् (yamakṣayam) - to the realm of death, implying killing them (to Yama's abode, to the dwelling of Yama (Death))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - referring to Daśagrīva/Daśānana (he, that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

दुरात्मा (durātmā) - Daśagrīva, characterized by wickedness (evil-souled, wicked, malicious person)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious, a wicked person

Bahuvrīhi compound: dur (bad) + ātman (self/soul)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating badness or difficulty
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Daśagrīva

समुद्यम्य (samudyamya) - having taken up his mace in preparation for attack (having lifted, having raised, having taken up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √yam (to restrain, hold) with upasargas sam- and ut-, followed by suffix -ya for absolutive.

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: yam (class 1)

कालदण्डोपमाम् (kāladaṇḍopamām) - his mace was as deadly as the rod wielded by Yama, the god of death (resembling the rod of Yama/Death)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kāladaṇḍopamā

kāladaṇḍopamā - resembling the rod of Yama/Death

Tatpuruṣa compound: kāladaṇḍa (Yama's rod) + upamā (comparison). Here it functions as an adjective.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāladaṇḍa+upamā)

• kāladaṇḍa – rod of Death, Yama's staff
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound: kāla (death/time) + daṇḍa (rod/staff)
• upamā – comparison, similitude, resemblance
  noun (feminine)
  From upa-√mā
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'gadām'

गदाम् (gadām) - his personal mace, used as a weapon (mace, club)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - Daśagrīva violently entered the enemy army (entered, went into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of pra-√viś

Perfect

From √viś (to enter) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, indicating a sequence of events (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) with the suffix -tas

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - the enemy army (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

Derived from senā (army)

नयन् (nayan) - leading the yakṣas to their death (leading, carrying, taking)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nayat

nayat - leading, taking, conducting

Present Active Participle

From √nī (to lead, carry) with suffix -at

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Participle modifying 'saḥ'

यक्षान् (yakṣān) - the yakṣas in the opposing army (yakṣas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yakṣa

yakṣa - yakṣa (a class of mythological beings)

यमक्षयम् (yamakṣayam) - to the realm of death, implying killing them (to Yama's abode, to the dwelling of Yama (Death))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yamakṣaya

yamakṣaya - Yama's abode, realm of death

Tatpuruṣa compound: yama (Yama, god of death) + kṣaya (abode, dwelling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yama+kṣaya)

• yama – Yama, god of death, restraint
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – abode, dwelling, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From √kṣi
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Accusative implies destination.

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