वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-14, verse-22

ततो राम दशग्रीवं प्रविशन्तं निशाचरम् ।
सूर्यभानुरिति ख्यातो द्वारपालो न्यवारयत् ॥२२॥

22. tato rāma daśagrīvaṃ praviśantaṃ niśācaram ,
sūryabhānuriti khyāto dvārapālo nyavārayat.

22. tataḥ rāma daśagrīvam praviśantam niśācaram
sūryabhānuḥ iti khyātaḥ dvārapālaḥ nyavārayat

22. Then, O Rāma, the renowned gatekeeper Sūryabhānu prevented Daśagrīva, the night-prowler, from entering.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, afterwards)

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• दशग्रीवम् (daśagrīvam) - Rāvaṇa (Daśagrīva, one with ten necks/heads (Rāvaṇa))

• प्रविशन्तम् (praviśantam) - entering (entering, about to enter)

• निशाचरम् (niśācaram) - night-prowler (demon) (night-wanderer, demon, goblin)

• सूर्यभानुः (sūryabhānuḥ) - Sūryabhānu (name)

• इति (iti) - named (thus, so, named)

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned (known, famous, renowned)

• द्वारपालः (dvārapālaḥ) - gatekeeper

• न्यवारयत् (nyavārayat) - prevented (he prevented, he stopped, he obstructed)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

adverbial suffix -tas

Root: tad

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of the hero), pleasing, charming

Root: ram (class 1)

दशग्रीवम् (daśagrīvam) - Rāvaṇa (Daśagrīva, one with ten necks/heads (Rāvaṇa))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa), ten-necked

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck, throat
  noun (masculine)

प्रविशन्तम् (praviśantam) - entering (entering, about to enter)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praviśat

praviśat - entering

present active participle

derived from pra-√viś

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: participle modifying daśagrīvam and niśācaram

निशाचरम् (niśācaram) - night-prowler (demon) (night-wanderer, demon, goblin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, goblin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering
  noun (masculine)
  derived from √car
  Root: car (class 1)

सूर्यभानुः (sūryabhānuḥ) - Sūryabhānu (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūryabhānu

sūryabhānu - Sūryabhānu (a proper name, literally 'sun-brightness')

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sūrya+bhānu)

• sūrya – sun
  noun (masculine)
• bhānu – light, ray, sun
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhā (class 2)

इति (iti) - named (thus, so, named)

(indeclinable)

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned (known, famous, renowned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - known, famous, renowned, said

past passive participle

derived from √khyā

Root: khyā (class 2)

द्वारपालः (dvārapālaḥ) - gatekeeper

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvārapāla

dvārapāla - gatekeeper

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvāra+pāla)

• dvāra – door, gate
  noun (neuter)
• pāla – protector, guard
  noun (masculine)
  derived from √pāl
  Root: pāl (class 10)

न्यवारयत् (nyavārayat) - prevented (he prevented, he stopped, he obstructed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vārayat

imperfect active 3rd singular

Causative of √vṛ (to cover, enclose) or √vṛ (to choose), here meaning to restrain/prevent. The imperfect augment 'a' combines with prefix 'ni' through sandhi (i + a = ya).

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 10)

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