वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-69, verse-4

पृष्ठतो ऽनुव्रजध्वं मामग्रतो यान्तमाहवे ।
शूरैरभिजनोपेतैरयुक्तं हि निवर्तितुम् ॥४॥

4. pṛṣṭhato'nuvrajadhvaṃ māmagrato yāntamāhave ,
śūrairabhijanopetairayuktaṃ hi nivartitum.

4. pṛṣṭhataḥ anuvrajadhvam mām agrataḥ yāntam āhave
śūraiḥ abhijanopetaiḥ ayuktam hi nivartitum

4. pṛṣṭhataḥ,
āhave agrataḥ yāntam mām anuvrajadhvam.
hi śūraiḥ abhijanopetaiḥ nivartitum ayuktam.

4. Follow me from behind as I advance into battle. For it is certainly unfitting for heroes, those possessing noble lineage, to turn back.

Words meanings summery:

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind

• अनुव्रजध्वम् (anuvrajadhvam) - follow (you plural)

• माम् (mām) - me

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, ahead

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, proceeding

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

• शूरैः (śūraiḥ) - by heroes, by brave ones

• अभिजनोपेतैः (abhijanopetaiḥ) - endowed with noble birth/lineage

• अयुक्तम् (ayuktam) - improper, unfitting, not right

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• निवर्तितुम् (nivartitum) - to turn back, to retreat

Words meanings and morphology

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, behind

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from pṛṣṭha (back).

Note: Modifies anuvrajadhvam.

अनुव्रजध्वम् (anuvrajadhvam) - follow (you plural)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (lot) of vraj

Imperative, 2nd plural.

From root vraj with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Command to the monkeys.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person singular pronoun.

Note: Object of anuvrajadhvam.

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front, ahead

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from agra (front).

Note: Modifies yāntam.

यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, proceeding

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

From root yā with śatṛ suffix.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies mām.

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat

From root hve with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

Note: Indicates location/context.

शूरैः (śūraiḥ) - by heroes, by brave ones

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valiant

Note: Agent for nivartitum (implied).

अभिजनोपेतैः (abhijanopetaiḥ) - endowed with noble birth/lineage

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of abhijanopeta

abhijanopeta - endowed with noble birth, possessing good lineage

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhijana+upeta)

• abhijana – noble birth, lineage, family
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: jan (class 4)
• upeta – endowed with, possessed of, approached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i with prefix upa and suffix kta.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies śūraiḥ.

अयुक्तम् (ayuktam) - improper, unfitting, not right

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ayukta

ayukta - improper, unfitting, disconnected

Negation of yukta (proper, fit).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+yukta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• yukta – joined, proper, fit, engaged (in yoga)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj with suffix kta.
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate for the infinitive nivartitum.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Connects the two parts of the sentence.

निवर्तितुम् (nivartitum) - to turn back, to retreat

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root vṛt with prefix ni and tumun suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used with ayuktam.

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