वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-69, verse-16

स शरौघानवसृजन् स्वसैन्येनाभिसंवृतः ।
जघान कपिशार्दूलान् सुबहून्दृष्टविक्रमः ॥१६॥

16. sa śaraughānavasṛjan svasainyenābhisaṃvṛtaḥ ,
jaghāna kapiśārdūlān subahūndṛṣṭavikramaḥ.

16. saḥ śaraughān avasṛjan svasainyena abhisaṃvṛtaḥ
jaghāna kapiśārdūlān subahūn dṛṣṭavikramaḥ

16. saḥ dṛṣṭavikramaḥ svasainyena abhisaṃvṛtaḥ
śaraughān avasṛjan subahūn kapiśārdūlān jaghāna

16. He, whose prowess was evident, surrounded by his own army, discharged showers of arrows and killed very many of the eminent monkeys.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• शरौघान् (śaraughān) - showers of arrows, torrents of arrows

• अवसृजन् (avasṛjan) - releasing, discharging, letting loose

• स्वसैन्येन (svasainyena) - by his own army

• अभिसंवृतः (abhisaṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• जघान (jaghāna) - he killed, he struck, he destroyed

• कपिशार्दूलान् (kapiśārdūlān) - best of monkeys, eminent monkeys

• सुबहून् (subahūn) - very many, numerous

• दृष्टविक्रमः (dṛṣṭavikramaḥ) - of visible prowess, whose valor was seen, demonstrating prowess

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Refers to Indrajit from the previous verse.

शरौघान् (śaraughān) - showers of arrows, torrents of arrows

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śaraugha

śaraugha - shower of arrows, multitude of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+ogha)

• śara – arrow, reed
  noun (masculine)
• ogha – flood, torrent, multitude, mass
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `avasṛjan`.

अवसृजन् (avasṛjan) - releasing, discharging, letting loose

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avasṛjat

avasṛjat - releasing, discharging, letting go, abandoning

Present Active Participle

From verb root `sṛj` (to create, emit) with prefix `ava`.

Prefix: ava

Root: sṛj (class 6)

स्वसैन्येन (svasainyena) - by his own army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of svasainya

svasainya - one's own army, one's own forces

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+sainya)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• sainya – army, host, military force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of being surrounded.

अभिसंवृतः (abhisaṁvṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhisaṃvṛta

abhisaṁvṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, enclosed

Past Passive Participle

From verb root `vṛ` (to cover, surround) with prefixes `abhi` and `sam`.

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

जघान (jaghāna) - he killed, he struck, he destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

perfect tense, active voice

Reduplicated perfect form of root `han`.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

कपिशार्दूलान् (kapiśārdūlān) - best of monkeys, eminent monkeys

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kapiśārdūla

kapiśārdūla - tiger among monkeys, best of monkeys, eminent monkey

Compound: `kapi` (monkey) + `śārdūla` (tiger), meaning 'foremost among monkeys' (comparison).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kapi+śārdūla)

• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best, excellent (as in 'tiger among men')
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `jaghāna`.

सुबहून् (subahūn) - very many, numerous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of subahu

subahu - very many, very numerous, abundant

Compound: `su` (good, very) + `bahu` (many).

Compound type : avyayibhava (su+bahu)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• bahu – many, much, abundant
  adjective

Note: Adjective for `kapiśārdūlān`.

दृष्टविक्रमः (dṛṣṭavikramaḥ) - of visible prowess, whose valor was seen, demonstrating prowess

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭavikrama

dṛṣṭavikrama - whose valor is seen, of visible prowess, demonstrating prowess

Compound: `dṛṣṭa` (seen, visible) + `vikrama` (prowess, valor).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dṛṣṭa+vikrama)

• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived, visible
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• vikrama – prowess, valor, heroism
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Adjective for `saḥ`.