वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-69, verse-3

कस्माद्विषण्णवदना विद्रवध्वं प्लवंगमाः ।
त्यक्तयुद्धसमुत्साहाः शूरत्वं क्व नु वो गतम् ॥३॥

3. kasmādviṣaṇṇavadanā vidravadhvaṃ plavaṃgamāḥ ,
tyaktayuddhasamutsāhāḥ śūratvaṃ kva nu vo gatam.

3. kasmāt viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ vidravadhvam plavaṅgamāḥ
tyaktayuddhasamutsāhāḥ śūratvam kva nu vaḥ gatam

3. plavaṅgamāḥ,
viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ kasmāt vidravadhvam? tyaktayuddhasamutsāhāḥ vaḥ śūratvam kva nu gatam?

3. O monkeys, why are you fleeing with dejected faces? Where, indeed, has your heroism gone, you who have abandoned your enthusiasm for battle?

Words meanings summery:

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• विषण्णवदनाः (viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ) - with dejected faces, sad-faced

• विद्रवध्वम् (vidravadhvam) - you (plural) are fleeing, run away (imperative)

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - O monkeys

• त्यक्तयुद्धसमुत्साहाः (tyaktayuddhasamutsāhāḥ) - those who have abandoned enthusiasm for battle

• शूरत्वम् (śūratvam) - heroism, valor, bravery

• क्व (kva) - where?

• नु (nu) - indeed, then, now (interrogative particle)

• वः (vaḥ) - your, to you

• गतम् (gatam) - gone, departed

Words meanings and morphology

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Demonstrative/interrogative pronoun.

Note: Used adverbially to mean "why".

विषण्णवदनाः (viṣaṇṇavadanāḥ) - with dejected faces, sad-faced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣaṇṇavadana

viṣaṇṇavadana - having a dejected face

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viṣaṇṇa+vadana)

• viṣaṇṇa – dejected, sad, depressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sad with prefix vi and suffix kta.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies plavaṅgamāḥ.

विद्रवध्वम् (vidravadhvam) - you (plural) are fleeing, run away (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (lot) of dru

Imperative, 2nd plural.

From root dru with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Interrogative verb.

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - O monkeys

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey (literally "one who goes by leaping")

Compound type : tatpurusha (plava+gama)

• plava – leap, jump
  noun (masculine)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, mover
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gam with suffix ḍa.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Address for the monkeys.

त्यक्तयुद्धसमुत्साहाः (tyaktayuddhasamutsāhāḥ) - those who have abandoned enthusiasm for battle

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tyaktayuddhasamutsāha

tyaktayuddhasamutsāha - having abandoned enthusiasm for battle

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+yuddhasamutsāha)

• tyakta – abandoned, forsaken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tyaj with suffix kta.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• yuddhasamutsāha – enthusiasm for battle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies plavaṅgamāḥ (implied subject).

शूरत्वम् (śūratvam) - heroism, valor, bravery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śūratva

śūratva - heroism, valor, bravery

Abstract noun from śūra (hero) with suffix tva.

Note: Subject of gatam.

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Adverb of place.

नु (nu) - indeed, then, now (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

वः (vaḥ) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Second person plural pronoun.

Note: Possessive, "your".

गतम् (gatam) - gone, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, departed

Past Passive Participle

From root gam with suffix kta.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate for śūratvam.