वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-69, verse-1

श्रुत्वा तं भीमनिर्ह्रादं शक्राशनिसमस्वनम् ।
वीक्षमाणा दिशः सर्वा दुद्रुवुर्वानरर्षभाः ॥१॥

1. śrutvā taṃ bhīmanirhrādaṃ śakrāśanisamasvanam ,
vīkṣamāṇā diśaḥ sarvā dudruvurvānararṣabhāḥ.

1. śrutvā tam bhīmanirhrādam śakrāśanisamasvanam
vīkṣamāṇāḥ diśaḥ sarvāḥ dudruvuḥ vānararṣabhāḥ

1. vānararṣabhāḥ tam śakrāśanisamasvanam bhīmanirhrādam śrutvā,
sarvāḥ diśaḥ vīkṣamāṇāḥ,
dudruvuḥ.

1. The excellent monkeys, upon hearing that dreadful roar, which sounded like Indra's thunderbolt, looked in all directions and then fled.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• भीमनिर्ह्रादम् (bhīmanirhrādam) - dreadful roar, terrible sound

• शक्राशनिसमस्वनम् (śakrāśanisamasvanam) - whose sound is like Indra's thunderbolt

• वीक्षमाणाः (vīkṣamāṇāḥ) - looking, observing, seeing

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

• दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - they ran away, they fled

• वानरर्षभाः (vānararṣabhāḥ) - excellent monkeys, best of monkeys

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to bhīmanirhrādam.

भीमनिर्ह्रादम् (bhīmanirhrādam) - dreadful roar, terrible sound

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmanirhrāda

bhīmanirhrāda - dreadful roar, terrible sound

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhīma+nirhrāda)

• bhīma – dreadful, terrible
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• nirhrāda – roar, sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From nir-hrād (to roar, sound)
  Prefix: nir
  Root: hrād (class 1)

शक्राशनिसमस्वनम् (śakrāśanisamasvanam) - whose sound is like Indra's thunderbolt

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakrāśanisamasvana

śakrāśanisamasvana - having a sound like Indra's thunderbolt

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śakra+aśani+sama+svana)

• śakra – Indra (name of the deity)
  proper noun (masculine)
• aśani – thunderbolt, lightning
  noun (feminine)
• sama – like, similar to, equal
  adjective (masculine)
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Qualifies bhīmanirhrādam.

वीक्षमाणाः (vīkṣamāṇāḥ) - looking, observing, seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīkṣamāṇa

vīkṣamāṇa - looking, observing, seeing

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root īkṣ with vi prefix and śānac suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vānararṣabhāḥ.

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Note: Object of vīkṣamāṇāḥ.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies diśaḥ.

दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - they ran away, they fled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of dru

Perfect tense, 3rd plural.

Intensive root dru.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

वानरर्षभाः (vānararṣabhāḥ) - excellent monkeys, best of monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānararṣabha

vānararṣabha - excellent monkey, best of monkeys

Compound type : tatpurusha (vānara+ṛṣabha)

• vānara – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent (used metaphorically)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of dudruvuḥ.

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