वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-56, verse-4

भ्रातरं निहतं श्रुत्वा रामेणाक्लिष्टकर्मणा ।
महोदरमहापार्श्वौ शोकाक्रान्तौ बभूवतुः ॥४॥

4. bhrātaraṃ nihataṃ śrutvā rāmeṇākliṣṭakarmaṇā ,
mahodaramahāpārśvau śokākrāntau babhūvatuḥ.

4. bhrātaram nihatam śrutvā rāmeṇa akliṣṭakarmaṇā
mahodaramahāpārśvau śokākrāntau babhūvatuḥ

4. mahodaramahāpārśvau śokākrāntau rāmeṇa
akliṣṭakarmaṇā bhrātaram nihatam śrutvā babhūvatuḥ

4. Having heard that their brother was slain by Rama, whose deeds are unimpeded, Mahodara and Mahāpārśva became overcome by grief.

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

• अक्लिष्टकर्मणा (akliṣṭakarmaṇā) - by one whose deeds are unimpeded, by one of unimpeded action

• महोदरमहापार्श्वौ (mahodaramahāpārśvau) - Mahodara and Mahāpārśva

• शोकाक्रान्तौ (śokākrāntau) - overcome by grief, struck by sorrow

• बभूवतुः (babhūvatuḥ) - they became, they were

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'. Refers to Kumbhakarna.

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, destroyed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root han- (to strike, kill) with upasarga ni- and suffix -kta (ta).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies bhrātaram.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root śru- (to hear) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the seventh avatar of Vishnu, hero of the Ramayana)

Note: Agent of the slaying.

अक्लिष्टकर्मणा (akliṣṭakarmaṇā) - by one whose deeds are unimpeded, by one of unimpeded action

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of akliṣṭakarman

akliṣṭakarman - whose deeds are unimpeded, of untiring action, effortless worker

Compound: a (not) + kliṣṭa (troubled, impeded) + karman (action, deed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kliṣṭa+karman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kliṣṭa – troubled, distressed, impeded, weary
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kliś- (to afflict, trouble) with suffix -kta (ta).
  Root: kliś (class 4)
• karman – action, deed, work, fate, ritual (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies Rāmeṇa.

महोदरमहापार्श्वौ (mahodaramahāpārśvau) - Mahodara and Mahāpārśva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahodaramahāpārśva

mahodaramahāpārśva - Mahodara and Mahāpārśva (names of Ravana's generals/brothers)

Dvandva compound of Mahodara and Mahāpārśva.

Compound type : dvandva (mahodara+mahāpārśva)

• mahodara – Mahodara (lit. 'big belly')
  proper noun (masculine)
  Compound: mahā (great) + udara (belly)
• mahāpārśva – Mahāpārśva (lit. 'big side/flank')
  proper noun (masculine)
  Compound: mahā (great) + pārśva (side, flank)

Note: Subject of 'babhūvatuḥ'.

शोकाक्रान्तौ (śokākrāntau) - overcome by grief, struck by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śokākrānta

śokākrānta - overcome by grief, struck by sorrow

Compound: śoka (grief) + ākrānta (overcome, attacked)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+ākrānta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, distress
  noun (masculine)
• ākrānta – overcome, attacked, seized, entered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root kram- (to step, go) with upasarga ā- and suffix -kta (ta).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Mahodara and Mahāpārśva.

बभूवतुः (babhūvatuḥ) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect (Lit)

Reduplicated form from root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)