वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-56, verse-10

एते देवगणाः सार्धमृषिभिर्गगने स्थिताः ।
निहतं त्वां रणे दृष्ट्वा निनदन्ति प्रहर्षिताः ॥१०॥

10. ete devagaṇāḥ sārdhamṛṣibhirgagane sthitāḥ ,
nihataṃ tvāṃ raṇe dṛṣṭvā ninadanti praharṣitāḥ.

10. ete devagaṇāḥ sārdham ṛṣibhiḥ gagane sthitāḥ
nihatam tvām raṇe dṛṣṭvā ninadanti praharṣitāḥ

10. These hosts of gods, situated in the sky along with the sages, are shouting joyfully, greatly delighted at seeing you slain in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these

• देवगणाः (devagaṇāḥ) - hosts of gods, multitudes of deities

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, accompanied by

• ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by the sages, with the sages

• गगने (gagane) - in the sky, in space

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing, situated, being

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed, struck down

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• निनदन्ति (ninadanti) - they are shouting, they are roaring

• प्रहर्षिताः (praharṣitāḥ) - greatly delighted, highly pleased, joyful

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, these

देवगणाः (devagaṇāḥ) - hosts of gods, multitudes of deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devagaṇa

devagaṇa - host of gods, multitude of deities

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+gaṇa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – troop, host, multitude, group
  noun (masculine)

सार्धम् (sārdham) - together with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of an adjective/noun

Note: Used as an adverb here

ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by the sages, with the sages

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

गगने (gagane) - in the sky, in space

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, firmament

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - standing, situated, being

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, abiding, situated

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā- (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

From root han- (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, war

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā from root dṛś-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निनदन्ति (ninadanti) - they are shouting, they are roaring

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of ninad

Present Indicative

From root nad- (to sound) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: nad (class 1)

प्रहर्षिताः (praharṣitāḥ) - greatly delighted, highly pleased, joyful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of praharṣita

praharṣita - greatly rejoiced, highly pleased

Past Passive Participle

From causative of root hṛṣ- (to rejoice) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)