वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-56, verse-3

पितृव्यं निहतं श्रुत्वा देवान्तकनरान्तकौ ।
त्रिशिराश्चातिकायश्च रुरुदुः शोकपीडिताः ॥३॥

3. pitṛvyaṃ nihataṃ śrutvā devāntakanarāntakau ,
triśirāścātikāyaśca ruruduḥ śokapīḍitāḥ.

3. pitṛvyam nihatam śrutvā devāntakanarāntakau
triśirāḥ ca atikāyaḥ ca ruruduḥ śokapīḍitāḥ

3. devāntakanarāntakau triśirāḥ ca atikāyaḥ ca
śokapīḍitāḥ pitṛvyam nihatam śrutvā ruruduḥ

3. Having heard that their paternal uncle was slain, Devāntaka, Narāntaka, Triśirā, and Atikāya, afflicted by grief, wept.

Words meanings summery:

• पितृव्यम् (pitṛvyam) - paternal uncle

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• देवान्तकनरान्तकौ (devāntakanarāntakau) - Devāntaka and Narāntaka

• त्रिशिराः (triśirāḥ) - Triśirā (lit. "three-headed")

• च (ca) - and, also

• अतिकायः (atikāyaḥ) - Atikāya (lit. "of excessive body")

• च (ca) - and, also

• रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - wept, cried

• शोकपीडिताः (śokapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by grief, distressed by sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

पितृव्यम् (pitṛvyam) - paternal uncle

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛvya

pitṛvya - paternal uncle (father's brother)

From pitṛ (father).

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, destroyed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root han- (to strike, kill) with upasarga ni- and suffix -kta (ta).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies pitṛvyam.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root śru- (to hear) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

देवान्तकनरान्तकौ (devāntakanarāntakau) - Devāntaka and Narāntaka

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of devāntakanarāntaka

devāntakanarāntaka - Devāntaka and Narāntaka (names of Ravana's sons)

Dvandva compound of Devāntaka and Narāntaka.

Compound type : dvandva (devāntaka+narāntaka)

• devāntaka – destroyer of gods
  proper noun (masculine)
  Compound: deva (god) + antaka (ender, destroyer)
• narāntaka – destroyer of men
  proper noun (masculine)
  Compound: nara (man) + antaka (ender, destroyer)

Note: Part of the plural subject.

त्रिशिराः (triśirāḥ) - Triśirā (lit. "three-headed")

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of triśiras

triśiras - Triśirā (name of Ravana's son), having three heads

Compound: tri (three) + śiras (head)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+śiras)

• tri – three
  numeral
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

Note: Part of the plural subject.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects Triśirā and Atikāya.

अतिकायः (atikāyaḥ) - Atikāya (lit. "of excessive body")

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atikāya

atikāya - Atikāya (name of Ravana's son), of enormous body, huge

Compound: ati (exceeding) + kāya (body)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ati+kāya)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, excessively
  indeclinable
  Prefix/upasarga.
• kāya – body
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of the plural subject.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects Triśirā and Atikāya.

रुरुदुः (ruruduḥ) - wept, cried

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of rud

Perfect (Lit)

Reduplicated form from root rud.

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: The subjects are Devāntaka, Narāntaka, Triśirā, and Atikāya (plural).

शोकपीडिताः (śokapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by grief, distressed by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śokapīḍita

śokapīḍita - afflicted by grief, distressed by sorrow

Compound: śoka (grief) + pīḍita (afflicted)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+pīḍita)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, distress
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – pressed, afflicted, oppressed, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root pīḍ- (to oppress, torment) with suffix -kta (ta).
  Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies the subjects (Devāntaka, Narāntaka, Triśirā, Atikāya).