वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-13, verse-20

किमर्थं नो नरव्याघ्र न रोचिष्यति राघव ।
विभीषणेन यत्तूक्तमस्मिन् काले सुखावहम् ॥२०॥

20. kimarthaṃ no naravyāghra na rociṣyati rāghava ,
vibhīṣaṇena yattūktamasmin kāle sukhāvaham.

20. kim artham naḥ nara-vyāghra na rociṣyati rāghava
vibhīṣaṇena yat tu uktam asmin kāle sukha-āvaham

20. naravyāghra rāghava,
asmin kāle vibhīṣaṇena yat tu sukhāvaham uktam,
naḥ kim artham na rociṣyati ?

20. O Rama, tiger among men, why should that beneficial counsel spoken by Vibhishana at this time not be agreeable to us?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - Used in conjunction with 'artham' to mean 'why' or 'for what purpose'. (what, why, whether)

• अर्थम् (artham) - Together with 'kim' forms the interrogative adverb 'kimartham' (why, for what reason). (purpose, meaning, for the sake of, reason)

• नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our

• नर-व्याघ्र (nara-vyāghra) - An epithet for Rama, indicating his supreme prowess and valor. (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• न (na) - not

• रोचिष्यति (rociṣyati) - will be pleasing, will be agreeable

• राघव (rāghava) - Addressing Rama directly. (O Rama (descendant of Raghu))

• विभीषणेन (vibhīṣaṇena) - by Vibhishana

• यत् (yat) - Refers to the advice given by Vibhishana. (that which, whatever)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• उक्तम् (uktam) - Refers to the advice or counsel given by Vibhishana. (spoken, said, stated)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - Qualifies 'kāle' (time), referring to the current moment. (in this)

• काले (kāle) - at time, in time, at this moment

• सुख-आवहम् (sukha-āvaham) - Describes Vibhishana's counsel as leading to good results. (bringing happiness, beneficial, pleasant)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - Used in conjunction with 'artham' to mean 'why' or 'for what purpose'. (what, why, whether)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, whether, how.

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

अर्थम् (artham) - Together with 'kim' forms the interrogative adverb 'kimartham' (why, for what reason). (purpose, meaning, for the sake of, reason)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, aim, object, meaning, wealth, reason, thing.

नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we.

Enclitic form of the 1st person plural pronoun 'asmad'.

नर-व्याघ्र (nara-vyāghra) - An epithet for Rama, indicating his supreme prowess and valor. (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nara-vyāghra

nara-vyāghra - tiger among men, foremost of men, brave man.

Tatpuruṣa compound, used as an epithet in vocative.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human being, person.
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger.
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

रोचिष्यति (rociṣyati) - will be pleasing, will be agreeable

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of ruc

Future tense, middle voice.

From root 'ruc' (class 1, often used in middle voice with dative). Third person singular future.

Root: ruc (class 1)

राघव (rāghava) - Addressing Rama directly. (O Rama (descendant of Raghu))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, an epithet for Rama.

Patronymic from Raghu (Raghava = son/descendant of Raghu).

विभीषणेन (vibhīṣaṇena) - by Vibhishana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vibhīṣaṇa

vibhīṣaṇa - Vibhishana, brother of Ravana, known for his (dharma) and wisdom.

यत् (yat) - Refers to the advice given by Vibhishana. (that which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that.

Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle, or marks a slight contrast/addition.

उक्तम् (uktam) - Refers to the advice or counsel given by Vibhishana. (spoken, said, stated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, uttered.

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vac' (to speak), with 'uk' substitution. Declined here in nominative singular neuter.

Root: vac (class 2)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - Qualifies 'kāle' (time), referring to the current moment. (in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here.

Proximal demonstrative pronoun.

काले (kāle) - at time, in time, at this moment

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, moment, period.

सुख-आवहम् (sukha-āvaham) - Describes Vibhishana's counsel as leading to good results. (bringing happiness, beneficial, pleasant)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukhāvaha

sukhāvaha - bringing happiness, conferring happiness, pleasant, beneficial, auspicious.

Compound of 'sukha' (happiness) and 'āvaha' (bringing/causing), derived from root 'vah' with prefix 'ā'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sukha+āvaha)

• sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease, comfort.
  noun (neuter)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing, conveying.
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'vah' (to carry, bear) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

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