वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-13, verse-13

एवमुक्तस्तु धर्मज्ञः प्रत्युवाच विभीषणः ।
समुद्रं राघवो राजा शरणं गन्तुमर्हति ॥१३॥

13. evamuktastu dharmajñaḥ pratyuvāca vibhīṣaṇaḥ ,
samudraṃ rāghavo rājā śaraṇaṃ gantumarhati.

13. evam uktaḥ tu dharmajñaḥ pratyuvāca vibhīṣaṇaḥ
samudram rāghavaḥ rājā śaraṇam gantum arhati

13. Thus spoken to, Vibhīṣaṇa, who understood natural law (dharma), replied, "King Rāghava (Rāma) ought to go for refuge to the ocean."

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - (having been) spoken to (spoken, said)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - who understood natural law (dharma) (knower of dharma, righteous, virtuous)

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (he replied, he answered)

• विभीषणः (vibhīṣaṇaḥ) - Vibhīṣaṇa

• समुद्रम् (samudram) - to the ocean (ocean)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāghava (Rāma) (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, i.e., Rāma))

• राजा (rājā) - King

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - for refuge (refuge, shelter, protection)

• गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go (to go, to approach)

• अर्हति (arhati) - ought (he ought, he deserves, he is able)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the preceding speech.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - (having been) spoken to (spoken, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

vac - to speak, to say

Past Passive Participle

From √vac, suffix -ta

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Vibhīṣaṇa.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used to indicate emphasis or a slight shift.

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - who understood natural law (dharma) (knower of dharma, righteous, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of natural law (dharma), righteous, virtuous

Compound of dharma (natural law) and jña (knower)

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  From √jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies Vibhīṣaṇa.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (he replied, he answered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd singular active of √vac with prefix prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

विभीषणः (vibhīṣaṇaḥ) - Vibhīṣaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhīṣaṇa

vibhīṣaṇa - Vibhīṣaṇa (name of Rāvaṇa's brother who joins Rāma)

Note: Subject of 'pratyuvāca'.

समुद्रम् (samudram) - to the ocean (ocean)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Note: Object of the action of going ('gantum').

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāghava (Rāma) (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, i.e., Rāma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu (epithet for Rāma)

Vrddhi derivative from Raghu

Note: Subject of 'arhati'.

राजा (rājā) - King

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: In apposition to 'rāghavaḥ'.

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - for refuge (refuge, shelter, protection)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection, asylum

From √śṛ

Root: śṛ (class 1)

गन्तुम् (gantum) - to go (to go, to approach)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From √gam, suffix -tum

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Complement of 'arhati'.

अर्हति (arhati) - ought (he ought, he deserves, he is able)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of arh

Present 3rd singular active of √arh

Root: arh (class 1)

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