वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-10, verse-4

प्रधानं साधकं वैद्यं धर्मशीलं च राक्षस ।
ज्ञातयो ह्यवमन्यन्ते शूरं परिभवन्ति च ॥४॥

4. pradhānaṃ sādhakaṃ vaidyaṃ dharmaśīlaṃ ca rākṣasa ,
jñātayo hyavamanyante śūraṃ paribhavanti ca.

4. pradhānam sādhakam vaidyam dharmaśīlam ca rākṣasa
jñātayaḥ hi avamanyante śūram paribhavanti ca

4. rākṣasa jñātayaḥ hi pradhānam sādhakam vaidyam
dharmaśīlam ca avamanyante śūram ca paribhavanti

4. O Rākṣasa, kinsmen indeed disrespect a prominent, capable, learned, and virtuous (dharmaśīla) person, and they humiliate a brave one.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रधानम् (pradhānam) - prominent (chief, principal, primary, important, prominent)

• साधकम् (sādhakam) - capable (accomplishing, effective, successful, productive, capable)

• वैद्यम् (vaidyam) - learned (learned, skilled, wise; a physician)

• धर्मशीलम् (dharmaśīlam) - virtuous (virtuous, righteous, having the constitution (dharma) as one's nature)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राक्षस (rākṣasa) - O Rākṣasa (O Rākṣasa (demon))

• ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - kinsmen (relatives, kinsmen, family members)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

• अवमन्यन्ते (avamanyante) - they disrespect (they disrespect, despise, slight, disregard)

• शूरम् (śūram) - a brave one (a brave person, hero, warrior)

• परिभवन्ति (paribhavanti) - they humiliate (they overpower, insult, defeat, humiliate)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रधानम् (pradhānam) - prominent (chief, principal, primary, important, prominent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, primary, prominent; also a philosophical term for primordial matter (prakṛti)

From pra-dhā (to place before, put forward). Adjective in this context.

Prefix: pra

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies an implicit 'person' or 'object'.

साधकम् (sādhakam) - capable (accomplishing, effective, successful, productive, capable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sādhaka

sādhaka - accomplishing, effective, successful; one who accomplishes, an executor, a practitioner

agent noun from causal

From root √sādh (to accomplish, succeed) with suffix -aka.

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Modifies an implicit 'person'.

वैद्यम् (vaidyam) - learned (learned, skilled, wise; a physician)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaidya

vaidya - relating to the Vedas, learned, skilled, wise; a physician

From 'veda' (knowledge, especially the Vedas).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Modifies an implicit 'person'.

धर्मशीलम् (dharmaśīlam) - virtuous (virtuous, righteous, having the constitution (dharma) as one's nature)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmaśīla

dharmaśīla - righteous, virtuous, pious, moral

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+śīla)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śīla – nature, character, disposition, habit, good conduct, virtue
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śīl (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implicit 'person'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

राक्षस (rākṣasa) - O Rākṣasa (O Rākṣasa (demon))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - belonging to Rākṣasas, demonic; a demon, a Rākṣasa (class of beings)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

ज्ञातयः (jñātayaḥ) - kinsmen (relatives, kinsmen, family members)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - kinsman, relative, family, caste

From √jñā (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अवमन्यन्ते (avamanyante) - they disrespect (they disrespect, despise, slight, disregard)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of man

From ava-man (to think little of, despise).

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Active voice in English translation.

शूरम् (śūram) - a brave one (a brave person, hero, warrior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - strong, mighty, brave, valorous; a hero, warrior

Root: śū

Note: Object of 'paribhavanti'.

परिभवन्ति (paribhavanti) - they humiliate (they overpower, insult, defeat, humiliate)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

From pari-bhū (to overcome, overpower, insult, humiliate).

Prefix: pari

Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Connects the two actions of kinsmen.