वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-10, verse-21

निवार्यमाणस्य मया हितैषिणा न रोचते ते वचनं निशाचर ।
परीतकाला हि गतायुषो नरा हितं न गृह्णन्ति सुहृद्भिरीरितम् ॥२१॥

21. nivāryamāṇasya mayā hitaiṣiṇā na rocate te vacanaṃ niśācara ,
parītakālā hi gatāyuṣo narā hitaṃ na gṛhṇanti suhṛdbhirīritam.

21. nivāryamāṇasya mayā hitaiṣiṇā na
rocate te vacanam niśācara
parītakālāḥ hi gatāyuṣaḥ narāḥ
hitam na gṛhṇanti suhṛdbhiḥ īritam

21. niśācara mayā hitaiṣiṇā nivāryamāṇasya
te vacanam na rocate hi
parītakālāḥ gatāyuṣaḥ narāḥ
suhṛdbhiḥ īritam hitam na gṛhṇanti

21. O night-wanderer (niśācara), the advice spoken by me, your well-wisher, does not please you, though I am trying to prevent you. Indeed, people whose time is exhausted and whose lifespan is ended do not accept beneficial advice spoken by friends.

Words meanings summery:

• निवार्यमाणस्य (nivāryamāṇasya) - though I am attempting to prevent you (of one being prevented, of one being restrained or warned)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• हितैषिणा (hitaiṣiṇā) - by your well-wisher (by a well-wisher, by one who desires good)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• रोचते (rocate) - pleases (pleases, is agreeable, shines)

• ते (te) - to you (to you, for you (dative/genitive of tvam))

• वचनम् (vacanam) - advice (word, speech, advice)

• निशाचर (niśācara) - O night-wanderer (referring to Ravana) (night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa)

• परीतकालाः (parītakālāḥ) - whose time is exhausted (whose time is past, whose end is near)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• गतायुषः (gatāyuṣaḥ) - whose lifespan is ended (whose life is gone, whose lifespan is ended)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial advice (beneficial, welfare, good advice)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• गृह्णन्ति (gṛhṇanti) - do not accept (they accept, they take)

• सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - by friends (by friends, by well-wishers)

• ईरितम् (īritam) - spoken (spoken, uttered, said)

Words meanings and morphology

निवार्यमाणस्य (nivāryamāṇasya) - though I am attempting to prevent you (of one being prevented, of one being restrained or warned)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nivāryamāṇa

nivāryamāṇa - being prevented, being restrained

Present Passive Participle

root vṛ (to cover, choose) with ni-āṅ (ni + ā) prefixes, passive sense, śānac suffix

Prefixes: ni+ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to the implied subject of 'mayā'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

हितैषिणा (hitaiṣiṇā) - by your well-wisher (by a well-wisher, by one who desires good)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hitaiṣin

hitaiṣin - well-wisher, desiring good

from hita (good) + eṣin (desiring)

Compound type : tatpurusha (hita+eṣin)

• hita – beneficial, good, welfare
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from dhātu dhā (to place) with hi (reduplication of dhā), or from hita (beneficial)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• eṣin – desiring, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root iṣ with -in suffix
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'mayā' (implied).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

रोचते (rocate) - pleases (pleases, is agreeable, shines)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ruc

Present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: The word 'te' is dative, 'to you it pleases not'.

ते (te) - to you (to you, for you (dative/genitive of tvam))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

वचनम् (vacanam) - advice (word, speech, advice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, advice

from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'rocate'.

निशाचर (niśācara) - O night-wanderer (referring to Ravana) (night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

from niśā (night) + car (to move, wander)

Compound type : tatpurusha (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering
  adjective (masculine)
  from root car (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

परीतकालाः (parītakālāḥ) - whose time is exhausted (whose time is past, whose end is near)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parītakāla

parītakāla - whose time is past, whose time is fulfilled/exhausted

compound of parīta (passed, gone) and kāla (time)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (parīta+kāla)

• parīta – passed, gone, surrounded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root i (to go) with prefix pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• kāla – time, season, death
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'narāḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

गतायुषः (gatāyuṣaḥ) - whose lifespan is ended (whose life is gone, whose lifespan is ended)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gatāyuṣ

gatāyuṣ - whose life is gone, whose lifespan is ended

compound of gata (gone) and āyus (life)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gata+āyus)

• gata – gone, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āyus – life, lifespan
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'narāḥ'.

नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of 'gṛhṇanti'.

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial advice (beneficial, welfare, good advice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, welfare, well-being

Past Passive Participle

from dhātu dhā (to place) with hi (reduplication of dhā), or from hita (beneficial)

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'gṛhṇanti'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

गृह्णन्ति (gṛhṇanti) - do not accept (they accept, they take)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of grah

Present tense, 3rd person plural

Root: grah (class 9)

सुहृद्भिः (suhṛdbhiḥ) - by friends (by friends, by well-wishers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher

compound of su (good) and hṛd (heart)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• hṛd – heart
  noun (neuter)

ईरितम् (īritam) - spoken (spoken, uttered, said)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īrita

īrita - spoken, uttered, sent, thrown

Past Passive Participle

from root īr (to stir, to speak) or from root ṛ (to go) with ī as prefix

Root: īr (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'hitam'.