वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-10, verse-1

सुनिविष्टं हितं वाक्यमुक्तवन्तं विभीषणम् ।
अब्रवीत् परुषं वाक्यं रावणः कालचोदितः ॥१॥

1. suniviṣṭaṃ hitaṃ vākyamuktavantaṃ vibhīṣaṇam ,
abravīt paruṣaṃ vākyaṃ rāvaṇaḥ kālacoditaḥ.

1. suniviṣṭam hitam vākyam uktavantam vibhīṣaṇam
abravīt paruṣam vākyam rāvaṇaḥ kāla-coditaḥ

1. rāvaṇaḥ kāla-coditaḥ suniviṣṭam hitam vākyam
uktavantam vibhīṣaṇam paruṣam vākyam abravīt

1. Ravana, impelled by destiny (kāla), spoke harsh words to Vibhishana, who had uttered well-reasoned and beneficial advice.

Words meanings summery:

• सुनिविष्टम् (suniviṣṭam) - well-reasoned (advice) (well-placed, well-settled, well-reasoned, firmly established)

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, good, salutary, suitable

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - advice, counsel (word, speech, saying, sentence, advice)

• उक्तवन्तम् (uktavantam) - who had spoken (one who has spoken, having spoken)

• विभीषणम् (vibhīṣaṇam) - Vibhishana (proper name)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he/she/it spoke, said

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, rude

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, saying, sentence, advice)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (proper name)

• काल-चोदितः (kāla-coditaḥ) - impelled by time, urged by destiny

Words meanings and morphology

सुनिविष्टम् (suniviṣṭam) - well-reasoned (advice) (well-placed, well-settled, well-reasoned, firmly established)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of suniviṣṭa

suniviṣṭa - well-placed, well-settled, well-reasoned

Past Passive Participle

Formed from su + ni + √viś (root of viṣṭa)

Prefixes: su+ni

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, good, salutary, suitable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, suitable, salutary

Past Passive Participle

From √dhā, 'to place', often used for 'good' or 'beneficial'

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - advice, counsel (word, speech, saying, sentence, advice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, saying, advice

Derived from 'vāc' (speech)

Note: Object of 'uktavantam'

उक्तवन्तम् (uktavantam) - who had spoken (one who has spoken, having spoken)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uktavat

uktavat - one who has spoken

Past Active Participle

From √vac + tavatu suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'vibhīṣaṇam'

विभीषणम् (vibhīṣaṇam) - Vibhishana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vibhīṣaṇa

vibhīṣaṇa - Vibhishana (brother of Ravana)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he/she/it spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, rude

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, saying, sentence, advice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, saying, advice

Derived from 'vāc' (speech)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (King of Lanka)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'

काल-चोदितः (kāla-coditaḥ) - impelled by time, urged by destiny

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla-codita

kāla-codita - impelled by time or destiny

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+codita)

• kāla – time, destiny, fate, death
  noun (masculine)
• codita – impelled, urged, sent, instigated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √cud
  Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'rāvaṇaḥ'