वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-4, verse-15

श्रिया ज्वलन्तीस्त्रपयोपगूढा निशीथकाले रमणोपगूढाः ।
ददर्श काश्चित् प्रमदोपगूढा यथा विहंगाः कुसुमोपगूडाः ॥१५॥

15. śriyā jvalantīstrapayopagūḍhā niśīthakāle ramaṇopagūḍhāḥ ,
dadarśa kāścit pramadopagūḍhā yathā vihaṃgāḥ kusumopagūḍāḥ.

15. śriyā jvalantīḥ trapayopagūḍhāḥ niśīthakāle ramaṇopagūḍhāḥ
dadarśa kāścit pramadopagūḍhāḥ yathā vihaṅgāḥ kusumopagūḍhāḥ

15. He observed some women shining with radiance, veiled by modesty, and at midnight, intimately embraced by their lovers. He also saw some women who were immersed in delight, resembling birds concealed among blossoms.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रिया (śriyā) - with radiance/beauty (with splendor, by prosperity, with beauty)

• ज्वलन्तीः (jvalantīḥ) - shining, radiant (shining, blazing, gleaming)

• त्रपयोपगूढाः (trapayopagūḍhāḥ) - veiled by modesty (embraced/veiled by modesty)

• निशीथकाले (niśīthakāle) - at midnight

• रमणोपगूढाः (ramaṇopagūḍhāḥ) - intimately embraced by their lovers (embraced by their lovers/husbands)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he observed

• काश्चित् (kāścit) - some (women) (some, certain ones)

• प्रमदोपगूढाः (pramadopagūḍhāḥ) - immersed in delight (embraced by joy, immersed in delight; embraced by young women)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• विहङ्गाः (vihaṅgāḥ) - birds

• कुसुमोपगूढाः (kusumopagūḍhāḥ) - concealed among blossoms (concealed among flowers, embraced by flowers)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रिया (śriyā) - with radiance/beauty (with splendor, by prosperity, with beauty)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - splendor, glory, beauty, prosperity, wealth

Root: śrī (class 1)

ज्वलन्तीः (jvalantīḥ) - shining, radiant (shining, blazing, gleaming)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of jvalantī

jvalant - shining, burning, glowing

Present Active Participle

From root jval (to shine, burn) with suffix śatṛ. Feminine stem jvalantī.

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Qualifies kāścit (some women).

त्रपयोपगूढाः (trapayopagūḍhāḥ) - veiled by modesty (embraced/veiled by modesty)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of trapayopagūḍha

trapayopagūḍha - embraced by modesty/shame

Compound. trapayā (instrumental of trapā) + upagūḍhāḥ.

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (trapā+upagūḍha)

• trapā – modesty, shame, embarrassment
  noun (feminine)
  Root: trap (class 1)
• upagūḍha – embraced, concealed, hidden, covered
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root guh (to hide) with prefix upa.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies kāścit.

निशीथकाले (niśīthakāle) - at midnight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of niśīthakāla

niśīthakāla - midnight time, dead of night

Compound of niśītha (midnight) and kāla (time).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (niśītha+kāla)

• niśītha – midnight, dead of night
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Temporal adverbial.

रमणोपगूढाः (ramaṇopagūḍhāḥ) - intimately embraced by their lovers (embraced by their lovers/husbands)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of ramaṇopagūḍha

ramaṇopagūḍha - embraced by a lover/husband

Compound. ramaṇena (instrumental of ramaṇa) + upagūḍhāḥ.

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (ramaṇa+upagūḍha)

• ramaṇa – lover, husband, delighter
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• upagūḍha – embraced, concealed, hidden, covered
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root guh (to hide) with prefix upa.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies kāścit.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, he observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect third person singular

Reduplicated perfect form of root dṛś (I class).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

काश्चित् (kāścit) - some (women) (some, certain ones)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kimcid

kimcid - someone, something, some, a certain

From kim + cid.

Note: Refers to striyaḥ implied from previous verse, or just "some women" generally.

प्रमदोपगूढाः (pramadopagūḍhāḥ) - immersed in delight (embraced by joy, immersed in delight; embraced by young women)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of pramadopagūḍha

pramadopagūḍha - embraced by delight/intoxication; embraced by women

Compound. From pramada (joy/intoxication) + upagūḍha (embraced).

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (pramada+upagūḍha)

• pramada – joy, delight, intoxication, carelessness
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)
• upagūḍha – embraced, concealed, hidden, covered
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root guh (to hide) with prefix upa.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies kāścit.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

विहङ्गाः (vihaṅgāḥ) - birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vihaṅga

vihaṅga - bird, sky-goer

From vi (sky) + gam (to go), literally 'sky-goer'.

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (vi+gam)

• vi – sky, air
  noun (masculine)
• gam – going, motion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the simile.

कुसुमोपगूढाः (kusumopagūḍhāḥ) - concealed among blossoms (concealed among flowers, embraced by flowers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kusumopagūḍha

kusumopagūḍha - hidden by flowers, surrounded by flowers

Compound. kusumaiḥ (instrumental of kusuma) + upagūḍha (hidden).

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (kusuma+upagūḍha)

• kusuma – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)
• upagūḍha – embraced, concealed, hidden, covered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root guh (to hide) with prefix upa.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies vihaṅgāḥ.