वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-4, verse-24

सीतामपश्यन्मनुजेश्वरस्य रामस्य पत्नीं वदतां वरस्य ।
बभूव दुःखाभिहतश्चिरस्य प्लवंगमो मन्द इवाचिरस्य ॥२४॥

24. sītāmapaśyanmanujeśvarasya rāmasya patnīṃ vadatāṃ varasya ,
babhūva duḥkhābhihataścirasya plavaṃgamo manda ivācirasya.

24. sītām apaśyan manujeśvarasya
rāmasya patnīm vadatām varasya
babhūva duḥkhābhihataḥ cirasya
plavaṃgamaḥ mandaḥ iva acirasya

24. manujeśvarasya vadatām varasya
rāmasya patnīm sītām apaśyan
plavaṃgamaḥ cirasya duḥkhābhihataḥ
babhūva acirasya iva mandaḥ

24. Not seeing Sītā, the wife of Rāma, the lord of men and the best of speakers, the monkey (plavaṃgama) became overwhelmed by sorrow for a long time, appearing sluggish as if for a brief period.

Words meanings summery:

• सीताम् (sītām) - Sītā (Sītā (accusative))

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - while not seeing (not seeing, while not seeing)

• मनुजेश्वरस्य (manujeśvarasya) - of the lord of men (Rāma) (of the lord of men, of the king)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

• पत्नीम् (patnīm) - wife (Sītā) (wife (accusative))

• वदताम् (vadatām) - of (all) speakers (of those speaking, of speakers)

• वरस्य (varasya) - of the best (among speakers) (of the best, of the excellent)

• बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, was)

• दुःखाभिहतः (duḥkhābhihataḥ) - overwhelmed by sorrow (struck by sorrow, overcome by grief)

• चिरस्य (cirasya) - for a long time (for a long time, after a long time)

• प्लवंगमः (plavaṁgamaḥ) - the monkey (Hanumān) (monkey (lit. 'going by jumping'))

• मन्दः (mandaḥ) - sluggish, inert (slow, dull, inactive, sluggish)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• अचिरस्य (acirasya) - of a brief period (implying a state that is not characteristic or lasting) (of a short time, not long, recent)

Words meanings and morphology

सीताम् (sītām) - Sītā (Sītā (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (Rāma's wife), furrow

Note: Object of 'apaśyan'

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - while not seeing (not seeing, while not seeing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing

Present Active Participle

from root dṛś (to see) with prefix a (negation) and present participle suffix śatṛ

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'plavaṃgamaḥ'

मनुजेश्वरस्य (manujeśvarasya) - of the lord of men (Rāma) (of the lord of men, of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of manujeśvara

manujeśvara - lord of men, king

compound: manu-ja (man) + īśvara (lord)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (manu-ja+īśvara)

• manu-ja – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  compound: manu (man) + ja (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  from root īś (to rule, own)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rāmasya'

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rāma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of a prominent deity in Hinduism, the seventh avatar of Vishnu)

Note: Possessive of 'patnīm'

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - wife (Sītā) (wife (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress

from pati (husband) + nī (feminine suffix)

Note: Qualifies 'sītām'

वदताम् (vadatām) - of (all) speakers (of those speaking, of speakers)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, talking, speaker

Present Active Participle

from root vad (to speak) + present participle suffix śatṛ

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'varasya'

वरस्य (varasya) - of the best (among speakers) (of the best, of the excellent)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior, boon

from root vṛ (to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'rāmasya' (Rāma is the best of speakers)

बभूव (babhūva) - became (became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect form (Liṭ Lakāra) of root bhū, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence

दुःखाभिहतः (duḥkhābhihataḥ) - overwhelmed by sorrow (struck by sorrow, overcome by grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhābhihata

duḥkhābhihata - struck by sorrow, overcome by grief

Past Passive Participle (compound)

compound: duḥkha (sorrow) + abhihata (struck, smitten, from root han with prefix abhi)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+abhihata)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• abhihata – struck, smitten, wounded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix abhi
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'plavaṃgamaḥ'

चिरस्य (cirasya) - for a long time (for a long time, after a long time)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of cira

cira - long (of time), lasting

Note: Adverbial usage

प्लवंगमः (plavaṁgamaḥ) - the monkey (Hanumān) (monkey (lit. 'going by jumping'))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of plavaṃgama

plavaṁgama - monkey (lit. going by jumping)

compound: plavaṃga (jumping) + gama (going)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (plavaṃga+gama)

• plavaṃga – jumping
  adjective
  from root plu (to float, jump)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving
  adjective
  agent noun
  from root gam (to go) + a (suffix)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'babhūva'

मन्दः (mandaḥ) - sluggish, inert (slow, dull, inactive, sluggish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manda

manda - slow, dull, sluggish, inert

from root mand (to be slow, dull)

Root: mand (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अचिरस्य (acirasya) - of a brief period (implying a state that is not characteristic or lasting) (of a short time, not long, recent)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of acira

acira - not long, recent, swift

compound: a (not) + cira (long time)

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+cira)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• cira – long (of time), lasting
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Genitive of comparison or time, adverbial.