वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-4, verse-1

ततः स मध्यं गतमंशुमन्तं ज्योत्स्नावितानं महदुद्वमन्तम् ।
ददर्श धीमान्दिवि भानुमन्तं गोष्ठे वृषं मत्तमिव भ्रमन्तम् ॥१॥

1. tataḥ sa madhyaṃ gatamaṃśumantaṃ jyotsnāvitānaṃ mahadudvamantam ,
dadarśa dhīmāndivi bhānumantaṃ goṣṭhe vṛṣaṃ mattamiva bhramantam.

1. tataḥ sa madhyaṃ gatam aṃśumantam
jyotsnāvitānaṃ mahat udvamantam
dadarśa dhīmān divi bhānumantam
goṣṭhe vṛṣam mattam iva bhramantam

1. dhīmān saḥ tataḥ divi madhyaṃ gatam
mahat jyotsnāvitānaṃ udvamantam
aṃśumantam bhānumantam goṣṭhe
mattam vṛṣam iva bhramantam dadarśa

1. Then, the intelligent one (dhīmān) Rama saw the radiant, luminous moon in the sky. It had reached the middle (of the sky), emitting a vast canopy of moonlight, appearing like an intoxicated bull wandering in a cowshed.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (referring to time) (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• स (sa) - he (referring to Rama) (he, that)

• मध्यं (madhyaṁ) - middle (of the sky) (middle, center)

• गतम् (gatam) - having reached (the middle) (gone, reached)

• अंशुमन्तम् (aṁśumantam) - the radiant one (the moon) (radiant, luminous, possessing rays)

• ज्योत्स्नावितानं (jyotsnāvitānaṁ) - a vast canopy of moonlight (canopy of moonlight)

• महत् (mahat) - great, vast (great, large, vast)

• उद्वमन्तम् (udvamantam) - emitting (the moonlight) (emitting, pouring forth, ejecting)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - the intelligent one (Rama) (intelligent, wise)

• दिवि (divi) - in the sky (in the sky, in heaven)

• भानुमन्तम् (bhānumantam) - the luminous one (the moon) (luminous, radiant, possessing light)

• गोष्ठे (goṣṭhe) - in a cowshed (in a cowshed, in a cow-pen)

• वृषम् (vṛṣam) - a bull (bull, male, showerer)

• मत्तम् (mattam) - intoxicated (like a rutting bull) (intoxicated, rutting, proud, joyful)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• भ्रमन्तम् (bhramantam) - wandering (wandering, roaming)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (referring to time) (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - he (referring to Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine nominative singular form of 'tad'

मध्यं (madhyaṁ) - middle (of the sky) (middle, center)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center, mid

गतम् (gatam) - having reached (the middle) (gone, reached)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular neuter, modifying madhyaṃ, implying 'having gone to'

अंशुमन्तम् (aṁśumantam) - the radiant one (the moon) (radiant, luminous, possessing rays)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aṃśumat

aṁśumat - radiant, luminous, possessing rays

Derived from 'aṃśu' (ray) + 'matup' suffix

Note: Accusative singular masculine, referring to the moon

ज्योत्स्नावितानं (jyotsnāvitānaṁ) - a vast canopy of moonlight (canopy of moonlight)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jyotsnāvitāna

jyotsnāvitāna - canopy of moonlight, expanse of moonlight

Compound type : tatpurusha (jyotsnā+vitāna)

• jyotsnā – moonlight
  noun (feminine)
• vitāna – canopy, expanse, roof
  noun (neuter)

महत् (mahat) - great, vast (great, large, vast)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast

Note: Accusative singular neuter, modifying jyotsnāvitānaṃ

उद्वमन्तम् (udvamantam) - emitting (the moonlight) (emitting, pouring forth, ejecting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udvamant

udvamant - emitting, pouring forth, ejecting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'vam' (to vomit, emit) with prefix 'ud'

Prefix: ud

Root: vam (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, modifying aṃśumantam/bhānumantam

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, P.P. - dadarśa

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धीमान् (dhīmān) - the intelligent one (Rama) (intelligent, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, thoughtful

Derived from 'dhī' (intellect) + 'matup' suffix

Note: Nominative singular masculine, referring to Rama

दिवि (divi) - in the sky (in the sky, in heaven)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - sky, heaven, day

भानुमन्तम् (bhānumantam) - the luminous one (the moon) (luminous, radiant, possessing light)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhānumat

bhānumat - luminous, radiant, glorious

Derived from 'bhānu' (light, ray) + 'matup' suffix

Note: Accusative singular masculine, referring to the moon

गोष्ठे (goṣṭhe) - in a cowshed (in a cowshed, in a cow-pen)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of goṣṭha

goṣṭha - cowshed, cow-pen, herd of cattle

वृषम् (vṛṣam) - a bull (bull, male, showerer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣa

vṛṣa - bull, male, showerer, chief

मत्तम् (mattam) - intoxicated (like a rutting bull) (intoxicated, rutting, proud, joyful)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of matta

matta - intoxicated, rutting, proud, joyful, mad

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, delighted)

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, modifying vṛṣam

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

भ्रमन्तम् (bhramantam) - wandering (wandering, roaming)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhramant

bhramant - wandering, roaming, moving about

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'bhram' (to wander)

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, modifying vṛṣam