वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-21, verse-12

प्रियां बहुमतां भार्यां त्यक्त्वा राजा महाबलः ।
सर्वासां च महाभागां त्वामुपैष्यति रावणः ॥१२॥

12. priyāṃ bahumatāṃ bhāryāṃ tyaktvā rājā mahābalaḥ ,
sarvāsāṃ ca mahābhāgāṃ tvāmupaiṣyati rāvaṇaḥ.

12. priyām bahumatām bhāryām tyaktvā rājā mahābalaḥ
sarvāsām ca mahābhāgām tvām upaiṣyati rāvaṇaḥ

12. mahābalaḥ rājā rāvaṇaḥ priyām bahumatām bhāryām
tyaktvā ca sarvāsām mahābhāgām tvām upaiṣyati

12. King Rāvaṇa, mighty and powerful, will abandon his dear and highly esteemed wife, and will come to you, who are the most fortunate among all women.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रियाम् (priyām) - dear, beloved

• बहुमताम् (bahumatām) - highly esteemed, much respected

• भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having forsaken

• राजा (rājā) - king

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful, mighty

• सर्वासाम् (sarvāsām) - of all, among all

• च (ca) - and, also

• महाभागाम् (mahābhāgām) - most fortunate, highly auspicious

• त्वाम् (tvām) - Sītā (you (accusative))

• उपैष्यति (upaiṣyati) - will approach, will come to

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - The demon king of Lankā. (Rāvaṇa (proper noun))

Words meanings and morphology

प्रियाम् (priyām) - dear, beloved

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of priyā

priyā - dear, beloved, lovely (feminine form of priya)

Root: prī

Note: Qualifies bhāryām.

बहुमताम् (bahumatām) - highly esteemed, much respected

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bahumatā

bahumatā - highly esteemed, much respected, highly regarded (feminine form of bahumata)

Compound bahu (much) + mata (thought, esteemed, P.P.P. of man).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+mata)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective
• mata – thought, considered, esteemed, respected, opinion
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From man + kta
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies bhāryām.

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, a woman to be maintained or supported

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From bhṛ (to bear, to support) + ṇya suffix, then feminine ṭāp

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of tyaktvā.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From tyaj (to abandon) + ktvā suffix

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of upaiṣyati.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - greatly powerful, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - greatly powerful, mighty, very strong

Compound mahā (great) + bala (strength).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  stem form in compounds
• bala – strength, power, might, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies rājā.

सर्वासाम् (sarvāsām) - of all, among all

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of sarvā

sarvā - all, every, whole (feminine form of sarva)

Note: Denotes 'among' a group.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महाभागाम् (mahābhāgām) - most fortunate, highly auspicious

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahābhāgā

mahābhāgā - highly fortunate, greatly blessed, illustrious, glorious (feminine of mahābhāga)

Compound mahā (great) + bhāga (fortune, share).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhāga)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  stem form in compounds
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  From bhaj (to divide, to participate)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tvām.

त्वाम् (tvām) - Sītā (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvad

tvad - you (2nd person pronoun)

Note: Object of upaiṣyati.

उपैष्यति (upaiṣyati) - will approach, will come to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of i

Future Tense

upa- (prefix) + i (to go) + ṣyati (future marker + 3rd person singular ending)

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: upa is an upasarga (preverb).

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - The demon king of Lankā. (Rāvaṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper noun, name of the demon king)

Note: Subject.