वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-21, verse-1

इत्युक्त्वा मैथिलीं राजा रावणः शत्रुरावणः ।
संदिश्य च ततः सर्वा राक्षसीर्निर्जगाम ह ॥१॥

1. ityuktvā maithilīṃ rājā rāvaṇaḥ śatrurāvaṇaḥ ,
saṃdiśya ca tataḥ sarvā rākṣasīrnirjagāma ha.

1. iti uktvā maithilīm rājā rāvaṇaḥ śatru-rāvaṇaḥ
saṃdiśya ca tataḥ sarvāḥ rākṣasīḥ nirjagāma ha

1. rājā rāvaṇaḥ śatru-rāvaṇaḥ iti maithilīm uktvā
ca tataḥ sarvāḥ rākṣasīḥ saṃdiśya nirjagāma ha

1. Having thus spoken to Maithili (Sita), King Ravana, the one who torments his enemies, then instructed all the ogresses and departed.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Sita (Maithili)

• राजा (rājā) - Ravana, the king (king)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

• शत्रु-रावणः (śatru-rāvaṇaḥ) - tormentor of enemies, one who makes enemies cry

• संदिश्य (saṁdiśya) - having instructed, having commanded

• च (ca) - and

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all

• राक्षसीः (rākṣasīḥ) - ogresses, female demons

• निर्जगाम (nirjagāma) - he departed, he went out

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the preceding speech.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix -tvā. The root 'vac' undergoes samprasāraṇa to 'uc' and then vriddhi to 'uk' before -tvā.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Sita (Maithili)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - princess of Mithila

Feminine derivative from Mithila, the name of a kingdom.

Note: Refers to Sita.

राजा (rājā) - Ravana, the king (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appositive to Ravana.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana, the demon king of Lanka

Root: ru (class 2)

शत्रु-रावणः (śatru-rāvaṇaḥ) - tormentor of enemies, one who makes enemies cry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru-rāvaṇa

śatru-rāvaṇa - one who causes enemies to cry out, tormentor of enemies (epithet of Ravana)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śatru+rāvaṇa)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• rāvaṇa – causing to roar, causing to cry out
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from causative of root ru
  From causative of root ru (to roar, cry) + ana suffix.
  Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Ravana.

संदिश्य (saṁdiśya) - having instructed, having commanded

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'diś' (to point, direct) with prefix 'sam-' and suffix -ya, used for verbs with prefixes.

Prefix: sam

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies `rākṣasīḥ`.

राक्षसीः (rākṣasīḥ) - ogresses, female demons

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of rākṣasī

rākṣasī - female demon, ogress

Feminine form of 'rākṣasa' (demon).

निर्जगाम (nirjagāma) - he departed, he went out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nirgam

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated root gam with prefix nir-.

Prefix: nir

Root: gam (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)