वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-63, verse-9

विषण्णां वाहिनीं दृष्ट्वा सागरस्य निरीक्षणात् ।
आश्वासयामास हरीन्भयार्तान् हरिसत्तमः ॥९॥

9. viṣaṇṇāṃ vāhinīṃ dṛṣṭvā sāgarasya nirīkṣaṇāt ,
āśvāsayāmāsa harīnbhayārtān harisattamaḥ.

9. viṣaṇṇām vāhinīm dṛṣṭvā sāgarasya nirīkṣaṇāt
| āśvāsayāmāsa harīn bhayārtān harisattamaḥ

9. harisattamaḥ sāgarasya nirīkṣaṇāt viṣaṇṇām
vāhinīm dṛṣṭvā bhayārtān harīn āśvāsayāmāsa

9. The foremost among the monkeys (harisattamaḥ), having observed the army dejected by the sight of the ocean, consoled the fear-stricken monkeys (hari).

Words meanings summery:

• विषण्णाम् (viṣaṇṇām) - downcast in spirits (dejected, despondent, sad)

• वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - the monkey army (army, host, river)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सागरस्य (sāgarasya) - of the ocean

• निरीक्षणात् (nirīkṣaṇāt) - as a result of seeing (the ocean) (from the sight, by looking at, owing to the observation)

• आश्वासयामास (āśvāsayāmāsa) - he offered words of comfort and encouragement (he consoled, he comforted, he encouraged)

• हरीन् (harīn) - the other monkeys in the army (monkeys)

• भयार्तान् (bhayārtān) - those who were suffering from fear (distressed by fear, fear-stricken)

• हरिसत्तमः (harisattamaḥ) - the most excellent among the monkeys (likely Hanuman or Sugriva) (the best of monkeys, foremost monkey)

Words meanings and morphology

विषण्णाम् (viṣaṇṇām) - downcast in spirits (dejected, despondent, sad)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, despondent, sad

Past Passive Participle

From prefix vi- + root √sad (to sink) + ktap participle suffix (ṇ-change).

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

वाहिनीम् (vāhinīm) - the monkey army (army, host, river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāhinī

vāhinī - army, host, river

Feminine form of vāhin (bearer, carrier), referring to a collection that 'carries' or 'flows'.

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Direct object of dṛṣṭvā.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √dṛś (to see) + suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सागरस्य (sāgarasya) - of the ocean

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Note: Relates to the act of seeing (nirīkṣaṇāt).

निरीक्षणात् (nirīkṣaṇāt) - as a result of seeing (the ocean) (from the sight, by looking at, owing to the observation)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of nirīkṣaṇa

nirīkṣaṇa - seeing, looking, observing

Verbal Noun

From prefix nir- + root √īkṣ (to see) + suffix -ana.

Prefix: nis

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: The cause for the army being dejected.

आश्वासयामास (āśvāsayāmāsa) - he offered words of comfort and encouragement (he consoled, he comforted, he encouraged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of āśvās

Perfect Tense (Causative)

Formed from prefix ā- + root √śvas (to breathe) in causative (-āśvāsaya) + perfect tense ending -āmāsa (periphrastic perfect).

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

हरीन् (harīn) - the other monkeys in the army (monkeys)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, lion, sun, Viṣṇu, etc.

Note: Direct object of āśvāsayāmāsa.

भयार्तान् (bhayārtān) - those who were suffering from fear (distressed by fear, fear-stricken)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhayārta

bhayārta - distressed by fear, fear-stricken

Compound: bhaya (fear) + ārta (afflicted, distressed).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (bhaya+ārta)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  From root √bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √ṛ (to go, reach) with prefix ā- (in sense of 'suffering').
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with harīn.

हरिसत्तमः (harisattamaḥ) - the most excellent among the monkeys (likely Hanuman or Sugriva) (the best of monkeys, foremost monkey)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harisattama

harisattama - best of monkeys, excellent monkey

Compound: hari (monkey) + sattama (best, most excellent).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (hari+sattama)

• hari – monkey, lion, sun, Viṣṇu
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
  adjective
  Superlative degree from sat (good, existing), or san (being, existing).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.