वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-63, verse-11

विषादो ऽयं प्रसहते विक्रमे पर्युपस्थिते ।
तेजसा तस्य हीनस्य पुरुषार्थो न सिध्यति ॥११॥

11. viṣādo'yaṃ prasahate vikrame paryupasthite ,
tejasā tasya hīnasya puruṣārtho na sidhyati.

11. viṣādaḥ ayam prasahate vikrame paryupasthite
tejasā tasya hīnasya puruṣārthaḥ na sidhyati

11. ayam viṣādaḥ vikrame paryupasthite prasahate.
tasya tejasā hīnasya puruṣārthaḥ na sidhyati.

11. This dejection overwhelms one even when courage is at hand. For a person devoid of such vital energy, the human purpose (puruṣārtha) is not accomplished.

Words meanings summery:

• विषादः (viṣādaḥ) - dejection, despondency, gloom

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• प्रसहते (prasahate) - overwhelms, tolerates, endures, prevails

• विक्रमे (vikrame) - in valor, in courage, in strength

• पर्युपस्थिते (paryupasthite) - being present, having arrived, at hand

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance, by energy, by vital power, by spirit

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• हीनस्य (hīnasya) - of one who is deprived, devoid, abandoned

• पुरुषार्थः (puruṣārthaḥ) - human aim/purpose, goal of human life (puruṣārtha)

• न (na) - not, no

• सिध्यति (sidhyati) - succeeds, is accomplished, is perfected

Words meanings and morphology

विषादः (viṣādaḥ) - dejection, despondency, gloom

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - dejection, despondency, sadness

from vi-sad (to sink down)

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

प्रसहते (prasahate) - overwhelms, tolerates, endures, prevails

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sah

Present Tense, Middle Voice

from pra-sah

Prefix: pra

Root: sah (class 1)

विक्रमे (vikrame) - in valor, in courage, in strength

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vikrama

vikrama - valor, courage, might, heroism, stride

from vi-kram (to step out, stride)

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

पर्युपस्थिते (paryupasthite) - being present, having arrived, at hand

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of paryupasthita

paryupasthita - present, imminent, arrived, standing near

Past Passive Participle

from pari-upa-sthā (to stand around, be present)

Prefixes: pari+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vikrame', forming a locative absolute construction.

तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance, by energy, by vital power, by spirit

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - splendor, brilliance, energy, vital power, spirit

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

हीनस्य (hīnasya) - of one who is deprived, devoid, abandoned

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - deficient, devoid, deprived, abandoned, inferior

Past Passive Participle

from hā (to abandon, leave)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'tasya'.

पुरुषार्थः (puruṣārthaḥ) - human aim/purpose, goal of human life (puruṣārtha)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣārtha

puruṣārtha - aim/object of human life (dharma, artha, kāma, mokṣa)

Compound: puruṣa (man) + artha (purpose)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+artha)

• puruṣa – man, male, human being, person, cosmic person, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सिध्यति (sidhyati) - succeeds, is accomplished, is perfected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sidh

Present Tense, Active Voice

Root: sidh (class 4)

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