वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-63, verse-10

न निषादेन नः कार्यं विषादो दोषवत्तरः ।
विषादो हन्ति पुरुषं बालं क्रुद्ध इवोरगः ॥१०॥

10. na niṣādena naḥ kāryaṃ viṣādo doṣavattaraḥ ,
viṣādo hanti puruṣaṃ bālaṃ kruddha ivoragaḥ.

10. na niṣādena naḥ kāryam viṣādaḥ doṣavattaraḥ
viṣādaḥ hanti puruṣam bālam kruddhaḥ iva uragaḥ

10. naḥ niṣādena kāryam na,
viṣādaḥ doṣavattaraḥ.
viṣādaḥ puruṣam hanti,
kruddhaḥ uragaḥ bālam iva.

10. We should not give in to dejection, for despondency is the worst fault. Dejection destroys a cosmic person (puruṣa), just as a furious snake kills a child.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• निषादेन (niṣādena) - by dejection, by despondency

• नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - what should be done; our concern or business (to be done, duty, work)

• विषादः (viṣādaḥ) - dejection, despondency, gloom

• दोषवत्तरः (doṣavattaraḥ) - more faulty, more harmful, more blameworthy

• विषादः (viṣādaḥ) - dejection, despondency, gloom

• हन्ति (hanti) - kills, destroys, strikes

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person, man, human being, cosmic person (puruṣa)

• बालम् (bālam) - child, young, foolish

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, furious

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उरगः (uragaḥ) - snake, serpent

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

निषादेन (niṣādena) - by dejection, by despondency

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niṣāda

niṣāda - dejection, despondency, lowness

from ni-sad (to sink down)

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

कार्यम् (kāryam) - what should be done; our concern or business (to be done, duty, work)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, to be made, work, action, duty, purpose

Gerundive

from kṛ + ya (kṛñ, 8th class root)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used here as a predicate adjective meaning 'to be done' or 'should be done'.

विषादः (viṣādaḥ) - dejection, despondency, gloom

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - dejection, despondency, sadness

from vi-sad (to sink down)

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

दोषवत्तरः (doṣavattaraḥ) - more faulty, more harmful, more blameworthy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣavattara

doṣavattara - more faulty, more blameworthy, more harmful (comparative degree of doṣavat)

Comparative adjective, from doṣavat (faulty) + tarap (comparative suffix)

विषादः (viṣādaḥ) - dejection, despondency, gloom

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - dejection, despondency, sadness

from vi-sad (to sink down)

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

हन्ति (hanti) - kills, destroys, strikes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Tense, Active Voice

Root: han (class 2)

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person, man, human being, cosmic person (puruṣa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, human being, person, cosmic person, spirit

बालम् (bālam) - child, young, foolish

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, young boy, ignorant, foolish

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, furious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angered, wrathful, furious

Past Passive Participle

from krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'uragaḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उरगः (uragaḥ) - snake, serpent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uraga

uraga - snake, serpent (literally 'chest-goer')

Compound: uras (chest) + ga (going)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uras+ga)

• uras – chest, breast
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)