वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-31, verse-18

नियुक्तैर्मन्त्रिभिर्वाच्यो अवश्यं पार्थिवो हितम् ।
अत एव भयं त्यक्त्वा ब्रवीम्यवधृतं वचः ॥१८॥

18. niyuktairmantribhirvācyo avaśyaṃ pārthivo hitam ,
ata eva bhayaṃ tyaktvā bravīmyavadhṛtaṃ vacaḥ.

18. niyuktaiḥ mantribhiḥ vācyaḥ avaśyam pārthivaḥ hitam
| ataḥ eva bhayam tyaktvā bravīmi avadhṛtam vacaḥ

18. niyuktaiḥ mantribhiḥ pārthivaḥ hitam avaśyam vācyaḥ
ataḥ eva bhayam tyaktvā avadhṛtam vacaḥ bravīmi

18. Ministers who have been appointed are obligated to speak what is beneficial to the king. For this very reason, having cast aside all fear, I utter these resolute words.

Words meanings summery:

• नियुक्तैः (niyuktaiḥ) - by the appointed (ministers) (by the appointed ones, by the employed)

• मन्त्रिभिः (mantribhiḥ) - by the ministers (of the king) (by the ministers, by the counselors)

• वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - ought to be spoken (to the king) (to be spoken, ought to be said)

• अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - necessarily, certainly, indispensably

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - to the king (a king, an earthly ruler, son of the earth)

• हितम् (hitam) - what is beneficial (benefit, welfare, beneficial, salutary)

• अतः (ataḥ) - hence, therefore, from this

• एव (eva) - for this very reason (only, indeed, just, very)

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread, terror

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having forsaken

• ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak, I say, I tell

• अवधृतम् (avadhṛtam) - resolute (words) (determined, resolute, certain, fixed)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (as in, a statement) (word, speech, saying)

Words meanings and morphology

नियुक्तैः (niyuktaiḥ) - by the appointed (ministers) (by the appointed ones, by the employed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niyukta

niyukta - appointed, employed, assigned, engaged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yuj' with upasarga 'ni'. 'ni' (down, into) + 'yuj' (to join, to yoke). 'yuj' becomes 'yukta' in PPP.

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to 'mantribhiḥ'.

मन्त्रिभिः (mantribhiḥ) - by the ministers (of the king) (by the ministers, by the counselors)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mantrin

mantrin - minister, counselor, advisor

From 'mantra' (counsel) + 'in' (possessing). One who possesses counsel.

Root: man (class 4)

वाच्यः (vācyaḥ) - ought to be spoken (to the king) (to be spoken, ought to be said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, speakable, laudable

Gerundive

From root 'vac' (to speak). Indicates obligation or suitability.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Gerundive used in passive sense: 'what is to be spoken'.

अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - necessarily, certainly, indispensably

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'avaśya' (necessary, unavoidable).

Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Adverb modifying 'vācyaḥ'.

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - to the king (a king, an earthly ruler, son of the earth)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, relating to the earth; a king, a prince, son of the earth.

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth) with the suffix 'aṇ'.

Root: pṛth

Note: Dative sense is implied, 'to the king'.

हितम् (hitam) - what is beneficial (benefit, welfare, beneficial, salutary)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, suitable; welfare, benefit, good.

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhā' (to place, hold).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'vācyaḥ'.

अतः (ataḥ) - hence, therefore, from this

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'idam' (this) with suffix 'tas'.

एव (eva) - for this very reason (only, indeed, just, very)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread, terror

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror, apprehension

From root 'bhī' (to fear) + 'a' suffix.

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root 'tyaj' (to abandon, to leave).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak, I say, I tell

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present tense, active voice, 1st person singular.

Root 'brū' (or 'vac'), undergoes specific changes in conjugation.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is implicitly 'I'.

अवधृतम् (avadhṛtam) - resolute (words) (determined, resolute, certain, fixed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avadhṛta

avadhṛta - determined, resolute, certain, fixed, ascertained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support) with upasarga 'ava'.

Prefix: ava

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (as in, a statement) (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, statement

From root 'vac' (to speak) + 'as' suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'bravīmi'.

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