वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-31, verse-16

आर्तस्य हृतदारस्य परुषं पुरुषान्तरात् ।
वचनं मर्षणीयं ते राघवस्य महात्मनः ॥१६॥

16. ārtasya hṛtadārasya paruṣaṃ puruṣāntarāt ,
vacanaṃ marṣaṇīyaṃ te rāghavasya mahātmanaḥ.

16. ārtasya hṛtadārasya paruṣam puruṣāntarāt
vacanam marṣaṇīyam te rāghavasya mahātmanaḥ

16. te rāghavasya mahātmanaḥ ārtasya hṛtadārasya
puruṣāntarāt paruṣam vacanam marṣaṇīyam

16. This harsh speech, coming from the great-souled Raghava who is distressed and whose wife has been abducted, should be forgiven by you.

Words meanings summery:

• आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - of the distressed, of the suffering, of the afflicted

• हृतदारस्य (hṛtadārasya) - of one whose wife has been abducted/taken away

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, unkind

• पुरुषान्तरात् (puruṣāntarāt) - from another man, from a different person

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance, statement

• मर्षणीयम् (marṣaṇīyam) - to be forgiven, pardonable, excusable

• ते (te) - by you, to you, for you (dative/genitive singular)

• राघवस्य (rāghavasya) - of Raghava (Rama)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled, of the noble-minded

Words meanings and morphology

आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - of the distressed, of the suffering, of the afflicted

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √ṛ (to go, move, attain, suffer) + ta suffix.

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rāghavasya'.

हृतदारस्य (hṛtadārasya) - of one whose wife has been abducted/taken away

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hṛtadāra

hṛtadāra - one whose wife has been carried off

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛta+dāra)

• hṛta – taken, carried off, stolen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √hṛ (to take, carry).
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rāghavasya'.

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, unkind

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel

Note: Modifies 'vacanam'.

पुरुषान्तरात् (puruṣāntarāt) - from another man, from a different person

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of puruṣāntara

puruṣāntara - another man, a different person

Compound type : karmadhāraya (puruṣa+antara)

• puruṣa – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• antara – other, different, interior
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Implies 'from a person other than the usual self', or 'from a person in a particular state'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance, statement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

Derived from root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

मर्षणीयम् (marṣaṇīyam) - to be forgiven, pardonable, excusable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of marṣaṇīya

marṣaṇīya - to be forgiven/tolerated

Gerundive

Derived from root √mṛṣ (to bear, endure, forgive) with anīya suffix.

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied 'it is'.

ते (te) - by you, to you, for you (dative/genitive singular)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Agent in passive construction 'by you'.

राघवस्य (rāghavasya) - of Raghava (Rama)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Patronymic from Raghu.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled, of the noble-minded

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'rāghavasya'.