वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-31, verse-13

त्वं प्रमत्तो न जानीषे कालं कलविदां वर ।
फुल्लसप्तच्छदश्यामा प्रवृत्ता तु शरच्छिवा ॥१३॥

13. tvaṃ pramatto na jānīṣe kālaṃ kalavidāṃ vara ,
phullasaptacchadaśyāmā pravṛttā tu śaracchivā.

13. tvam pramattaḥ na jānīṣe kālam kalavidām vara
phullasaptacchadaśyāmā pravṛttā tu śarat śivā

13. kalavidām vara tvam pramattaḥ kālam na jānīṣe
tu phullasaptacchadaśyāmā śivā śarat pravṛttā

13. O best among those who know the opportune moment, you are negligent and do not recognize the time. Indeed, the auspicious autumn, dark like the blossomed saptacchada flowers, has begun.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative singular)

• प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - heedless, careless, negligent (masculine nominative singular)

• न (na) - not, no

• जानीषे (jānīṣe) - you know, you recognize

• कालम् (kālam) - time, opportune moment (masculine accusative singular)

• कलविदाम् (kalavidām) - of those who know the time/opportune moment (masculine genitive plural)

• वर (vara) - O best one (masculine vocative singular)

• फुल्लसप्तच्छदश्यामा (phullasaptacchadaśyāmā) - dark like the blossomed saptacchada flowers (feminine nominative singular)

• प्रवृत्ता (pravṛttā) - commenced, started, set in (feminine nominative singular)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• शरत् (śarat) - autumn (feminine nominative singular)

• शिवा (śivā) - auspicious, benevolent (feminine nominative singular)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वम् (tvam) - you (nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - heedless, careless, negligent (masculine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramatta

mad - to be intoxicated, to be delighted

Past Passive Participle

from pra + √mad

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Functions here as an adjective, agreeing with 'tvam'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जानीषे (jānīṣe) - you know, you recognize

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

कालम् (kālam) - time, opportune moment (masculine accusative singular)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, opportune moment

कलविदाम् (kalavidām) - of those who know the time/opportune moment (masculine genitive plural)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kalavid

kalavid - one who knows the time, an astrologer, a sagacious person

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+vid)

• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knowing, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  from √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Often found as 'kalavide' in compound, meaning 'knower of time'.

वर (vara) - O best one (masculine vocative singular)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, chooseable, boon

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Used as an address to one who is excellent.

फुल्लसप्तच्छदश्यामा (phullasaptacchadaśyāmā) - dark like the blossomed saptacchada flowers (feminine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of phullasaptacchadaśyāmā

phullasaptacchadaśyāmā - dark like the blossomed Saptachada flowers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (phulla+saptacchada+śyāma)

• phulla – blossomed, blooming, opened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √phull (to blossom)
  Root: phull (class 1)
• saptacchada – Alstonia scholaris (a tree with seven-leaved clusters)
  noun (masculine)
• śyāma – dark-colored, dark blue/green, blackish (feminine form 'śyāmā')
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'śarat' and 'śivā'.

प्रवृत्ता (pravṛttā) - commenced, started, set in (feminine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pravṛtta

vṛt - to turn, to exist, to proceed

Past Passive Participle

from pra + √vṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as adjective/predicate for 'śarat' in the sense of 'has started'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

शरत् (śarat) - autumn (feminine nominative singular)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śarad

śarad - autumn, harvest season

शिवा (śivā) - auspicious, benevolent (feminine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śiva

śiva - auspicious, benevolent, gracious

Note: Agrees with 'śarat'.