वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-31, verse-15

प्राप्तमुद्योगकालं तु नावैषि हरिपुंगव ।
त्वं प्रमत्त इति व्यक्तं लक्ष्मणो ऽयमिहागतः ॥१५॥

15. prāptamudyogakālaṃ tu nāvaiṣi haripuṃgava ,
tvaṃ pramatta iti vyaktaṃ lakṣmaṇo'yamihāgataḥ.

15. prāptam udyogakālam tu na avaiṣi haripuṅgava tvam
pramattaḥ iti vyaktam lakṣmaṇaḥ ayam iha āgataḥ

15. haripuṅgava,
tu tvam prāptam udyogakālam na avaiṣi vyaktam pramattaḥ iti ayam lakṣmaṇaḥ iha āgataḥ

15. O best among monkeys, you do not recognize that the time for endeavor has arrived. It is clearly due to your negligence that Lakshmana has come here.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - arrived, obtained, reached

• उद्योगकालम् (udyogakālam) - time for effort, period of endeavor

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• न (na) - not, no

• अवैषि (avaiṣi) - you know, you understand, you perceive

• हरिपुङ्गव (haripuṅgava) - Refers to Sugriva. (O chief among monkeys, O best of monkeys)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - careless, negligent, intoxicated, inattentive

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks conclusion or reported speech)

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clear, evident, manifest, distinctly

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (proper noun)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

• इह (iha) - here, in this place, now

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived, come, returned

Words meanings and morphology

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - arrived, obtained, reached

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - arrived, obtained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √āp (to obtain, reach) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'udyogakālam'.

उद्योगकालम् (udyogakālam) - time for effort, period of endeavor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udyogakāla

udyogakāla - time for effort/endeavor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (udyoga+kāla)

• udyoga – effort, endeavor, exertion
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अवैषि (avaiṣi) - you know, you understand, you perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of avai

Derived from root √i (to go) with prefix ava-.

Prefix: ava

Root: i (class 2)

हरिपुङ्गव (haripuṅgava) - Refers to Sugriva. (O chief among monkeys, O best of monkeys)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of haripuṅgava

haripuṅgava - bull among monkeys, chief of monkeys

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+puṅgava)

• hari – monkey, tawny, Vishnu
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - careless, negligent, intoxicated, inattentive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - careless, negligent, intoxicated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √mad (to be exhilarated, intoxicated) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks conclusion or reported speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates the reason or conclusion.

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - clear, evident, manifest, distinctly

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyakta

vyakta - manifest, clear, evident

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √añj (to anoint, manifest) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Functions adverbially, 'it is clear'.

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (Rama's brother)

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to Lakshmana.

इह (iha) - here, in this place, now

(indeclinable)

आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived, come, returned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √gam (to go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective.

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