वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-3, verse-12

सिंहस्कन्धौ महासत्त्वौ समदाविव गोवृषौ ।
आयताश्च सुवृत्ताश्च बाहवः परिघोत्तमाः ।
सर्वभूषणभूषार्हाः किमर्थं न विभूषितः ॥१२॥

12. siṃhaskandhau mahāsattvau samadāviva govṛṣau ,
āyatāśca suvṛttāśca bāhavaḥ parighottamāḥ ,
sarvabhūṣaṇabhūṣārhāḥ kimarthaṃ na vibhūṣitaḥ.

12. siṁhaskandhau mahāsattvau samadau
iva govṛṣau āyatāḥ ca suvṛttāḥ ca
bāhavaḥ parighottamāḥ
sarvabhūṣaṇabhūṣārhāḥ kimartham na vibhūṣitaḥ

12. (yuvām) siṁhaskandhau mahāsattvau samadau govṛṣau iva (sthaḥ).
(yuvayoḥ) bāhavaḥ āyatāḥ ca suvṛttāḥ ca parighottamāḥ (santi).
sarvabhūṣaṇabhūṣārhāḥ (yuvām) kimartham na vibhūṣitaḥ (sthaḥ)?

12. They have shoulders like lions, possess immense strength, and resemble two rutting bulls. Their arms are long, well-rounded, and formidable like excellent iron maces. Why are they, who are worthy of all ornaments, not adorned?

Words meanings summery:

• सिंहस्कन्धौ (siṁhaskandhau) - having shoulders like a lion, lion-shouldered

• महासत्त्वौ (mahāsattvau) - possessing great strength (possessing great strength, highly courageous, noble-minded)

• समदौ (samadau) - rutting, in heat (referring to bulls) (rutting, furious, intoxicated (with rut))

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

• गोवृषौ (govṛṣau) - two bulls, two chief bulls

• आयताः (āyatāḥ) - long (referring to arms) (long, extended, broad)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुवृत्ताः (suvṛttāḥ) - well-rounded (referring to arms) (well-rounded, well-formed, well-behaved)

• च (ca) - and, also

• बाहवः (bāhavaḥ) - arms

• परिघोत्तमाः (parighottamāḥ) - formidable like excellent iron maces (excellent as iron bars/maces, best of iron bars)

• सर्वभूषणभूषार्हाः (sarvabhūṣaṇabhūṣārhāḥ) - worthy of being adorned with all ornaments, deserving of all embellishments

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

• न (na) - not, no

• विभूषितः (vibhūṣitaḥ) - adorned, decorated

Words meanings and morphology

सिंहस्कन्धौ (siṁhaskandhau) - having shoulders like a lion, lion-shouldered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of siṁhaskandha

siṁhaskandha - having shoulders like a lion, lion-shouldered (indicating strength and majesty)

Bahuvrīhi compound: siṁha (lion) + skandha (shoulder)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (siṁha+skandha)

• siṁha – lion, brave, strong
  noun (masculine)
• skandha – shoulder, trunk (of a tree), section
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the two persons.

महासत्त्वौ (mahāsattvau) - possessing great strength (possessing great strength, highly courageous, noble-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāsattva

mahāsattva - of great strength, very brave, noble-minded, great being

Bahuvrīhi compound: mahā (great) + sattva (being, essence, strength)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+sattva)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• sattva – being, essence, strength, courage, mind
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to the two persons.

समदौ (samadau) - rutting, in heat (referring to bulls) (rutting, furious, intoxicated (with rut))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of samada

samada - rutting, furious, intoxicated, proud, joyful

From sa (with) + mada (rut/intoxication)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+mada)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• mada – intoxication, rut, pride, joy, passion
  noun (masculine)
  From root mad (to be glad, intoxicated)
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with govṛṣau.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

गोवृषौ (govṛṣau) - two bulls, two chief bulls

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of govṛṣa

govṛṣa - bull, chief bull, excellent bull

Compound of go (cow/ox) and vṛṣa (bull)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+vṛṣa)

• go – cow, ox, cattle, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• vṛṣa – bull, male, best, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The subjects of the comparison.

आयताः (āyatāḥ) - long (referring to arms) (long, extended, broad)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āyata

āyata - long, extended, stretched, broad

Past Passive Participle

From root yam (to restrain/extend) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bāhavaḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सुवृत्ताः (suvṛttāḥ) - well-rounded (referring to arms) (well-rounded, well-formed, well-behaved)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suvṛtta

suvṛtta - well-rounded, well-formed, well-behaved, virtuous

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛt (to turn) with prefix su (good).

Prefix: su

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bāhavaḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

बाहवः (bāhavaḥ) - arms

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāhu

bāhu - arm, fore-arm

Note: Subject of the sentence describing the arms.

परिघोत्तमाः (parighottamāḥ) - formidable like excellent iron maces (excellent as iron bars/maces, best of iron bars)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parighottama

parighottama - best of iron bars/maces, excellent mace-like (arms)

Compound of parigha (iron bar, mace) and uttama (best, excellent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parigha+uttama)

• parigha – iron bar, bolt, mace, club
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: ud-tam

Note: Agrees with bāhavaḥ.

सर्वभूषणभूषार्हाः (sarvabhūṣaṇabhūṣārhāḥ) - worthy of being adorned with all ornaments, deserving of all embellishments

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvabhūṣaṇabhūṣārha

sarvabhūṣaṇabhūṣārha - worthy of being adorned with all ornaments, deserving of all embellishments

Compound: sarva (all) + bhūṣaṇa (ornament) + bhūṣa (adornment) + arha (worthy).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūṣaṇa+bhūṣā+arha)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• bhūṣaṇa – ornament, decoration, embellishment
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhūṣ (to adorn)
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)
• bhūṣā – adornment, decoration
  noun (feminine)
  From root bhūṣ (to adorn)
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)
• arha – worthy, deserving, fit
  adjective (masculine)
  From root arh (to deserve)
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the two persons (implied).

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound of kim (what) and artha (purpose).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

विभूषितः (vibhūṣitaḥ) - adorned, decorated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vibhūṣita

vibhūṣita - adorned, decorated, embellished

Past Passive Participle

From root bhūṣ (to adorn) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with an implied singular subject like "this one" or "their adorned state".