वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-26, verse-23

नियम्य कोपं प्रतिपाल्यतां शरत् क्षमस्व मासांश्चतुरो मया सह ।
वसाचले ऽस्मिन्मृगराजसेविते संवर्धयञ् शत्रुवधे समुद्यतः ॥२३॥

23. niyamya kopaṃ pratipālyatāṃ śarat kṣamasva māsāṃścaturo mayā saha ,
vasācale'sminmṛgarājasevite saṃvardhayañ śatruvadhe samudyataḥ.

23. niyamya kopam pratipālyatām śarat
kṣamasva māsān caturaḥ mayā saha
vasa acale asmin mṛgarājasevite
saṁvardhayan śatruvadhe samudyataḥ

23. kopam niyamya śarat pratipālyatām.
mayā saha caturaḥ māsān kṣamasva.
asmin mṛgarājasevite acale śatruvadhe samudyataḥ saṁvardhayan vasa

23. Restrain your anger and let autumn (śarat) be awaited. Bear patiently with me for these four months. Live on this mountain, frequented by lions, while you prepare for the slaying of your enemies, increasing your strength.

Words meanings summery:

• नियम्य (niyamya) - having restrained (having restrained, controlling)

• कोपम् (kopam) - anger (anger, wrath)

• प्रतिपाल्यताम् (pratipālyatām) - let be awaited (let be waited for, let be protected)

• शरत् (śarat) - autumn (season) (autumn)

• क्षमस्व (kṣamasva) - bear patiently (forgive, be patient, endure)

• मासान् (māsān) - months

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

• मया (mayā) - with me (by me, with me)

• सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

• वस (vasa) - live (live, dwell)

• अचले (acale) - on this mountain (on the mountain)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - on this (on this, in this)

• मृगराजसेविते (mṛgarājasevite) - frequented by lions (inhabited by lion kings, frequented by lions)

• संवर्धयन् (saṁvardhayan) - while increasing (strength/resolve) (increasing, nurturing, promoting)

• शत्रुवधे (śatruvadhe) - in the slaying of enemies

• समुद्यतः (samudyataḥ) - ready (prepared, ready, energetic)

Words meanings and morphology

नियम्य (niyamya) - having restrained (having restrained, controlling)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'yam' with upasarga 'ni'. Suffix 'lyaP' after prefixes.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

कोपम् (kopam) - anger (anger, wrath)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath

Derived from root 'kup' (to be angry).

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Object of 'niyamya'.

प्रतिपाल्यताम् (pratipālyatām) - let be awaited (let be waited for, let be protected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of pratipāl

Passive Imperative

Passive form of root 'pāl' (to protect, wait) with upasarga 'prati'. Imperative 3rd person singular.

Prefix: prati

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: The subject 'śarat' is in nominative.

शरत् (śarat) - autumn (season) (autumn)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śarad

śarad - autumn

Note: Subject of 'pratipālyatām'.

क्षमस्व (kṣamasva) - bear patiently (forgive, be patient, endure)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kṣam

Imperative Middle Voice

Root 'kṣam' (to be patient), middle voice, imperative 2nd person singular.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Rama.

मासान् (māsān) - months

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of māsa

māsa - month

Note: Object of 'kṣamasva'.

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Adjective modifying 'māsān'.

मया (mayā) - with me (by me, with me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of mad

mad - I, me

सह (saha) - with (with, together with)

(indeclinable)

वस (vasa) - live (live, dwell)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vas

Imperative Active Voice

Root 'vas' (to dwell), imperative 2nd person singular.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Rama.

अचले (acale) - on this mountain (on the mountain)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of acala

acala - mountain, immobile

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• cala – moving, movable
  adjective
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Location for 'vasa'.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - on this (on this, in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Adjective modifying 'acale'.

मृगराजसेविते (mṛgarājasevite) - frequented by lions (inhabited by lion kings, frequented by lions)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of mṛgarājasevita

mṛgarājasevita - inhabited by lion kings

Past Passive Participle

Compound 'mṛgarāja' (king of beasts, lion) + 'sevita' (served, inhabited).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛgarāja+sevita)

• mṛgarāja – king of beasts, lion
  noun (masculine)
• sevita – served, frequented, inhabited
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'sev' (to serve).
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'acale'.

संवर्धयन् (saṁvardhayan) - while increasing (strength/resolve) (increasing, nurturing, promoting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṁvardhayat

saṁvardhayat - increasing, promoting (present participle)

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Causative stem of root 'vṛdh' (to grow) with upasarga 'sam', and 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject (Rama).

शत्रुवधे (śatruvadhe) - in the slaying of enemies

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śatruvadha

śatruvadha - slaying of enemies

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śatru+vadha)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – slaying, killing
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Denotes the purpose/circumstance for being ready.

समुद्यतः (samudyataḥ) - ready (prepared, ready, energetic)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samudyata

samudyata - prepared, ready

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain, to strive) with upasargas 'sam' and 'ud'.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subject (Rama).