वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-62, verse-12

शक्रादिष्वपि देवेषु वर्तमानौ नयानयौ ।
श्रूयेते नरशार्दूल न त्वं व्यथितुमर्हसि ॥१२॥

12. śakrādiṣvapi deveṣu vartamānau nayānayau ,
śrūyete naraśārdūla na tvaṃ vyathitumarhasi.

12. śakra-ādiṣu api deveṣu vartamānau naya-anayau
śrūyete naraśārdūla na tvam vyathitum arhasi

12. naraśārdūla śakra-ādiṣu deveṣu api naya-anayau
vartamānau śrūyete tvam na vyathitum arhasi

12. O tiger among men, both proper and improper conduct are seen even among the gods like Indra. Therefore, you should not be distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• शक्र-आदिषु (śakra-ādiṣu) - among Indra and others, among gods led by Indra

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• देवेषु (deveṣu) - among the gods

• वर्तमानौ (vartamānau) - existing, present, occurring

• नय-अनयौ (naya-anayau) - policy and impolicy, proper and improper conduct

• श्रूयेते (śrūyete) - are heard, are known, are observed

• नरशार्दूल (naraśārdūla) - O Rama, best of men (O tiger among men, O best of men)

• न (na) - not, no

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Rama) (you)

• व्यथितुम् (vyathitum) - to be distressed, to become agitated, to suffer

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you are fit

Words meanings and morphology

शक्र-आदिषु (śakra-ādiṣu) - among Indra and others, among gods led by Indra

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of śakr-ādi

śakr-ādi - Indra and others, starting with Indra

Compound type : tatpurusha (śakra+ādi)

• śakra – Indra, chief of the gods
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and so on
  indeclinable

Note: Refers to a group starting with Indra.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

देवेषु (deveṣu) - among the gods

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

Root: div (class 1)

वर्तमानौ (vartamānau) - existing, present, occurring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, current, present

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vṛt (class 1, ātmanepada) 'to be, to exist' with śānac suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `naya-anayau`.

नय-अनयौ (naya-anayau) - policy and impolicy, proper and improper conduct

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of naya-anaya

naya-anaya - policy and impolicy, right and wrong course of action

Compound type : dvandva (naya+anaya)

• naya – guidance, policy, proper conduct, justice
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root nī 'to lead'.
  Root: nī (class 1)
• anaya – misguidance, impolicy, wrong conduct, injustice
  noun (masculine)
  Negative compound of 'naya'.
  Prefix: a

Note: Refers to both proper and improper conduct.

श्रूयेते (śrūyete) - are heard, are known, are observed

(verb)

3rd person , dual, passive, present (lat) of śrū

Present Passive

Third person dual, present tense, passive voice, ātmanepada from root śru (class 5).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: The passive voice implies that 'naya-anayau' are the subject being heard/observed.

नरशार्दूल (naraśārdūla) - O Rama, best of men (O tiger among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśārdūla

naraśārdūla - tiger among men, pre-eminent man

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+śārdūla)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address to the listener (Rama).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Rama) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

व्यथितुम् (vyathitum) - to be distressed, to become agitated, to suffer

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root vyath (class 1, ātmanepada) 'to be agitated'.

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or action to be done.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you are fit

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

Second person singular, present tense, active voice, parasmaipada from root arh (class 1).

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Governs the infinitive `vyathitum`.