वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-6, verse-5

तत्र तापसमासीनं मलपङ्कजटाधरम् ।
रामः सुतीक्ष्णं विधिवत्तपोवृद्धमभाषत ॥५॥

5. tatra tāpasamāsīnaṃ malapaṅkajaṭādharam ,
rāmaḥ sutīkṣṇaṃ vidhivattapovṛddhamabhāṣata.

5. tatra tāpasam āsīnam malapaṅkajaṭādharam
rāmaḥ sutīkṣṇam vidhivat tapovṛddham abhāṣata

5. rāmaḥ tatra malapaṅkajaṭādharam āsīnam
tapovṛddham sutīkṣṇam tāpasam vidhivat abhāṣata

5. There, Rama properly addressed the ascetic Sutīkṣṇa, who was seated, bearing matted locks soiled with dirt, and who was advanced in asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that place (there, in that place)

• तापसम् (tāpasam) - the ascetic (ascetic, hermit)

• आसीनम् (āsīnam) - (who was) seated (seated, sitting)

• मलपङ्कजटाधरम् (malapaṅkajaṭādharam) - bearing matted locks soiled with dirt (bearing matted locks soiled with dirt/mud)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• सुतीक्ष्णम् (sutīkṣṇam) - the ascetic Sutīkṣṇa (Sutīkṣṇa (name of an ascetic); very sharp/fierce/intense)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly, in the prescribed manner (according to rule, properly, in due form)

• तपोवृद्धम् (tapovṛddham) - (who was) advanced in asceticism (tapas) (grown old in asceticism, rich in asceticism)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - addressed (addressed, spoke)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that place (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base 'tad' (that) with suffix 'tral' indicating location.

तापसम् (tāpasam) - the ascetic (ascetic, hermit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tāpasa

tāpasa - an ascetic, a hermit

Derived from 'tapas' (asceticism) + 'aṇ' suffix indicating 'one who practices'.

Note: Object of the verb 'abhāṣata'.

आसीनम् (āsīnam) - (who was) seated (seated, sitting)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - seated, sitting

Past Passive Participle (karmakartari prayoga)

From root 'ās' (to sit) + 'śānac' (present participle suffix for middle voice, here used in past sense 'seated'). It's an irregular formation or a specific usage of present participle.

Prefix: ā

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tāpasam' and 'sutīkṣṇam'.

मलपङ्कजटाधरम् (malapaṅkajaṭādharam) - bearing matted locks soiled with dirt (bearing matted locks soiled with dirt/mud)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of malapaṅkajaṭādhara

malapaṅkajaṭādhara - one who bears matted locks soiled with dirt and mud

Compound word.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mala+paṅka+jaṭā+dhara)

• mala – dirt, impurity
  noun (neuter)
• paṅka – mud, mire, dirt
  noun (masculine)
• jaṭā – matted hair, tangled locks
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – bearing, holding, wearing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root 'dhṛ'
  Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to bear, hold) + 'a' suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tāpasam' and 'sutīkṣṇam'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a celebrated hero, son of Daśaratha)

Note: Subject of the verb 'abhāṣata'.

सुतीक्ष्णम् (sutīkṣṇam) - the ascetic Sutīkṣṇa (Sutīkṣṇa (name of an ascetic); very sharp/fierce/intense)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sutīkṣṇa

sutīkṣṇa - Sutīkṣṇa (name of an ascetic); very sharp, very fierce

Compound of 'su' (good, very) and 'tīkṣṇa' (sharp, fierce).

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+tīkṣṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, fierce, intense
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Object of the verb 'abhāṣata'.

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly, in the prescribed manner (according to rule, properly, in due form)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'vidhi' (rule, method) + 'vat' suffix (like, according to).

Note: Adverb modifying 'abhāṣata'.

तपोवृद्धम् (tapovṛddham) - (who was) advanced in asceticism (tapas) (grown old in asceticism, rich in asceticism)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapovṛddha

tapovṛddha - grown old in asceticism, mature in penance

Compound word.

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+vṛddha)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, religious austerity (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
• vṛddha – old, grown, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vṛdh' (to grow) + 'kta' (past passive participle suffix).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tāpasam' and 'sutīkṣṇam'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - addressed (addressed, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect tense

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada). Root 'bhāṣ' belongs to 1st class (or 'bhāṣ' is a 'curādi' verb in some contexts, but here classical 'bhāṣate' in pr. tense, past 'abhāṣata')

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Previous Verse Next Verse