वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-6, verse-2

स गत्वा दूरमध्वानं नदीस्तीर्त्व बहूदकाः ।
ददर्श विपुलं शैलं महामेघमिवोन्नतम् ॥२॥

2. sa gatvā dūramadhvānaṃ nadīstīrtva bahūdakāḥ ,
dadarśa vipulaṃ śailaṃ mahāmeghamivonnatam.

2. sa gatvā dūraṃ adhvānaṃ nadīḥ tīrtvā bahūdakāḥ
dadarśa vipulaṃ śailaṃ mahāmeghaṃ iva unnatam

2. sa dūraṃ adhvānaṃ gatvā bahūdakāḥ nadīḥ tīrtvā
mahāmeghaṃ iva unnatam vipulaṃ śailaṃ dadarśa

2. Having traveled a great distance and crossed many rivers full of water, he saw a vast mountain, lofty like a great cloud.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Rama) (he, that)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• दूरं (dūraṁ) - a long distance (far, a long distance)

• अध्वानं (adhvānaṁ) - distance (path, road, journey, distance)

• नदीः (nadīḥ) - rivers

• तीर्त्वा (tīrtvā) - having crossed

• बहूदकाः (bahūdakāḥ) - full of water (having much water, full of water)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• विपुलं (vipulaṁ) - vast (vast, extensive, large)

• शैलं (śailaṁ) - mountain (mountain, rock)

• महामेघं (mahāmeghaṁ) - great cloud

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

• उन्नतम् (unnatam) - lofty (high, lofty, elevated)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with -tvā suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Implies action completed before the main verb

दूरं (dūraṁ) - a long distance (far, a long distance)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dūra

dūra - far, distant, remote

Note: Adverbial accusative, modifies adhvānaṃ or gatvā

अध्वानं (adhvānaṁ) - distance (path, road, journey, distance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - road, path, journey, space, time

Note: Object of gatvā

नदीः (nadīḥ) - rivers

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river

Note: Object of tīrtvā

तीर्त्वा (tīrtvā) - having crossed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with -tvā suffix

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Implies action completed before the main verb

बहूदकाः (bahūdakāḥ) - full of water (having much water, full of water)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of bahūdaka

bahūdaka - having much water

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+udaka)

• bahu – much, many
  adjective
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with nadīḥ

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विपुलं (vipulaṁ) - vast (vast, extensive, large)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipula

vipula - vast, extensive, large, abundant

Prefix: vi

Root: pul (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śailaṃ

शैलं (śailaṁ) - mountain (mountain, rock)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock

Note: Object of dadarśa

महामेघं (mahāmeghaṁ) - great cloud

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāmegha

mahāmegha - great cloud

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+megha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
  from root mih 'to sprinkle'
  Root: mih (class 1)

Note: Part of the simile: 'like a great cloud'

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects mahāmeghaṃ and unnatam

उन्नतम् (unnatam) - lofty (high, lofty, elevated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of unnata

unnata - high, lofty, elevated, risen

Past Passive Participle

From ut-nam 'to rise'

Prefix: ud

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śailaṃ