वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-5, verse-9

त्वामासाद्य महात्मानं धर्मज्ञं धर्मवत्सलम् ।
अर्थित्वान्नाथ वक्ष्यामस्तच्च नः क्षन्तुमर्हसि ॥९॥

9. tvāmāsādya mahātmānaṃ dharmajñaṃ dharmavatsalam ,
arthitvānnātha vakṣyāmastacca naḥ kṣantumarhasi.

9. tvām āsādya mahātmānam dharmajñam dharmavatsalam
arthitvāt nātha vakṣyāmaḥ tat ca naḥ kṣantum arhasi

9. nātha tvām mahātmānam dharmajñam dharmavatsalam āsādya arthitvāt vakṣyāmaḥ.
tat ca naḥ kṣantum arhasi.

9. O Lord, having approached you, the great-souled one (mahātman), who knows natural law (dharma) and is devoted to natural law (dharma), we will speak out of necessity. Therefore, please forgive us for this.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having approached, having obtained

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled one

• धर्मज्ञम् (dharmajñam) - one who knows natural law

• धर्मवत्सलम् (dharmavatsalam) - affectionate towards natural law, fond of righteousness

• अर्थित्वात् (arthitvāt) - from necessity, because of need

• नाथ (nātha) - O Lord, O Protector

• वक्ष्यामः (vakṣyāmaḥ) - we shall speak, we will say

• तत् (tat) - that, therefore

• च (ca) - and, also

• नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our

• क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum) - to forgive, to pardon

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun.

Note: Object of `āsādya`.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having approached, having obtained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root `sad` with prefix `ā` and suffix `ya`.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the great-souled one

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, sublime

Compound of `mahā` and `ātman`.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `tvām`.

धर्मज्ञम् (dharmajñam) - one who knows natural law

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing natural law (dharma), wise in duty

Compound formed from `dharma` and `jña`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies `tvām`.

धर्मवत्सलम् (dharmavatsalam) - affectionate towards natural law, fond of righteousness

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmavatsala

dharmavatsala - fond of natural law (dharma), affectionate towards righteousness

Compound of `dharma` and `vatsala`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vatsala)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
• vatsala – affectionate, tender, fond of
  adjective

Note: Qualifies `tvām`.

अर्थित्वात् (arthitvāt) - from necessity, because of need

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of arthitva

arthitva - necessity, need, request, want

Derived from `arthin` (needy, petitioner) + `tva` (nominal suffix).

Note: Expresses reason.

नाथ (nātha) - O Lord, O Protector

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector, refuge

Root: nāth (class 1)

वक्ष्यामः (vakṣyāmaḥ) - we shall speak, we will say

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, future (Lṛṭ) of vac

Future Active

1st person plural, future tense, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that, therefore

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the "speaking out of need".

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, our

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

1st person plural pronoun.

क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum) - to forgive, to pardon

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive of purpose, from root `kṣam`.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Functions as object of `arhasi`.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of arh

Present Active

2nd person singular, present tense, active voice.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Governs the infinitive `kṣantum`.