वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-5, verse-10

अधार्मस्तु महांस्तात भवेत्तस्य महीपतेः ।
यो हरेद्बलिषड्भागं न च रक्षति पुत्रवत् ॥१०॥

10. adhārmastu mahāṃstāta bhavettasya mahīpateḥ ,
yo haredbaliṣaḍbhāgaṃ na ca rakṣati putravat.

10. adharmaḥ tu mahān tāta bhavet tasya mahīpateḥ
yaḥ haret baliṣaḍbhāgam na ca rakṣati putravat

10. tāta yaḥ mahīpateḥ baliṣaḍbhāgam haret ca putravat na rakṣati,
tasya mahān adharmaḥ tu bhavet

10. O dear one, great unrighteousness (adharma) would indeed befall that king who collects the one-sixth share of tribute but does not protect his subjects like a father protects his children.

Words meanings summery:

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• महान् (mahān) - great, severe

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, my son, my child

• भवेत् (bhavet) - there would be, may be, should be

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - of the king, of the ruler of the earth

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• हरेत् (haret) - collects, takes away, seizes

• बलिषड्भागम् (baliṣaḍbhāgam) - the one-sixth share of tribute/tax

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects, guards, preserves

• पुत्रवत् (putravat) - like a son, paternally, as if they were sons

Words meanings and morphology

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, non-observance of natural law (dharma)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

महान् (mahān) - great, severe

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

तात (tāta) - O dear one, my son, my child

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father; (vocative) O dear one, my child

भवेत् (bhavet) - there would be, may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'mahīpateḥ' (king).

महीपतेः (mahīpateḥ) - of the king, of the ruler of the earth

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'mahīpateḥ'.

हरेत् (haret) - collects, takes away, seizes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of hṛ

Root: hṛ (class 1)

बलिषड्भागम् (baliṣaḍbhāgam) - the one-sixth share of tribute/tax

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of baliṣaḍbhāga

baliṣaḍbhāga - one-sixth share of tribute or tax

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bali+ṣaṣ+bhāga)

• bali – tribute, offering, tax
  noun (masculine)
• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• bhāga – share, portion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses: 'who collects' AND 'does not protect'.

रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects, guards, preserves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

पुत्रवत् (putravat) - like a son, paternally, as if they were sons

(indeclinable)

suffix -vat (like, as)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'rakṣati'.