वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-5, verse-19

एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु काकुत्स्थस्तापसानां तपस्विनाम् ।
इदं प्रोवाच धर्मात्मा सर्वानेव तपस्विनः ।
नैवमर्हथ मां वक्तुमाज्ञाप्यो ऽहं तपस्विनम् ॥१९॥

19. etacchrutvā tu kākutsthastāpasānāṃ tapasvinām ,
idaṃ provāca dharmātmā sarvāneva tapasvinaḥ ,
naivamarhatha māṃ vaktumājñāpyo'haṃ tapasvinam.

19. etat śrutvā tu kākutsthaḥ tāpasānām
tapasvinām idam provāca dharmātmā
sarvān eva tapasvinaḥ na evam arhatha
mām vaktum ājñāpyaḥ aham tapasvinām

19. tu etat śrutvā dharmātmā kākutsthaḥ
tāpasānām tapasvinām sarvān eva
tapasvinaḥ idam provāca na evam mām
vaktum arhatha aham tapasvinām ājñāpyaḥ

19. Upon hearing this, Kakutstha (Rāma), whose disposition is righteous (dharma), addressed all those ascetics, saying: "You should not speak to me in this way; rather, I am one to be commanded by ascetics."

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (speech) (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - upon (hearing) (but, indeed, however)

• काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Kakutstha (Rāma) (descendant of Kakutstha (Rāma))

• तापसानाम् (tāpasānām) - of the ascetics

• तपस्विनाम् (tapasvinām) - of the ascetics (of the ascetics, of the hermits)

• इदम् (idam) - this (speech) (this)

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - he addressed (he spoke, he said)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose disposition is righteous (dharma) (whose self/soul is righteousness, righteous-souled, virtuous)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

• एव (eva) - (addressed) to all (indeed, certainly, only)

• तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - the ascetics (ascetics)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एवम् (evam) - in this way (thus, in this manner)

• अर्हथ (arhatha) - you should (you ought, you are worthy)

• माम् (mām) - me (me (accusative singular))

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak (to speak, to say)

• आज्ञाप्यः (ājñāpyaḥ) - one to be commanded (to be commanded, one who can be ordered)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तपस्विनाम् (tapasvinām) - by ascetics (implied agent with gerundive) (of ascetics)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (speech) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed with ktvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Conveys sequential action

तु (tu) - upon (hearing) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Kakutstha (Rāma) (descendant of Kakutstha (Rāma))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha, an epithet of Rāma

Patronymic derived from Kakutstha

Note: Subject of 'provāca'

तापसानाम् (tāpasānām) - of the ascetics

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit

Note: Connected to 'tapasvinām'

तपस्विनाम् (tapasvinām) - of the ascetics (of the ascetics, of the hermits)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, hermit, performer of austerities

Note: Synonym for tāpasa, possibly for emphasis

इदम् (idam) - this (speech) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idām

idām - this, this one

Note: Object of 'provāca'

प्रोवाच (provāca) - he addressed (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pra-vac

Perfect

From root vac (to speak) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'kākutsthaḥ'

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - whose disposition is righteous (dharma) (whose self/soul is righteousness, righteous-souled, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - whose soul is dharma, righteous-souled, virtuous by nature

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, intrinsic nature, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'kākutsthaḥ'

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'tapasvinaḥ'

एव (eva) - (addressed) to all (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

तपस्विनः (tapasvinaḥ) - the ascetics (ascetics)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, hermit, performer of austerities

Note: Object of 'provāca' (indirect object by context)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'arhatha'

एवम् (evam) - in this way (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'vaktum arhatha'

अर्हथ (arhatha) - you should (you ought, you are worthy)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Indicative

From root arh (to be worthy)

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Used with infinitive 'vaktum'

माम् (mām) - me (me (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'vaktum'

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak (to speak, to say)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed with tumun suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Used with 'arhatha'

आज्ञाप्यः (ājñāpyaḥ) - one to be commanded (to be commanded, one who can be ordered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ājñāpya

ājñāpya - to be commanded, to be ordered, one who is to be instructed

Gerundive

From root jñā (to know) with prefix ā and causative suffix -p, then -ya suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'aham'

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Subject

तपस्विनाम् (tapasvinām) - by ascetics (implied agent with gerundive) (of ascetics)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, hermit, performer of austerities

Note: Functions as agent in genitive with gerundive 'ājñāpyaḥ'