वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-5, verse-4

आकाशनिलयाश्चैव तथा स्थण्डिलशायिनः ।
तथोर्ध्ववासिनो दान्तास्तथार्द्रपटवाससः ॥४॥

4. ākāśanilayāścaiva tathā sthaṇḍilaśāyinaḥ ,
tathordhvavāsino dāntāstathārdrapaṭavāsasaḥ.

4. ākāśanilayāḥ ca eva tathā sthaṇḍilaśāyinaḥ tathā
ūrdhvavāsinaḥ dāntāḥ tathā ārdrapaṭavāsasaḥ

4. tathā ca eva ākāśanilayāḥ ca sthaṇḍilaśāyinaḥ.
tathā dāntāḥ ūrdhvavāsinaḥ ca ārdrapaṭavāsasaḥ.

4. And likewise, there were those who dwelt in the open air, and those who slept on bare ground. Similarly, there were self-controlled ascetics who kept their arms uplifted, and those who wore wet garments.

Words meanings summery:

• आकाशनिलयाः (ākāśanilayāḥ) - ascetics who live without shelter, exposed to the elements (those who dwell in the open air, sky-dwellers)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, so, thus

• स्थण्डिलशायिनः (sthaṇḍilaśāyinaḥ) - ascetics who practice sleeping directly on the earth without any bedding (those who sleep on bare ground)

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, so, thus

• ऊर्ध्ववासिनः (ūrdhvavāsinaḥ) - ascetics who practice holding their limbs (e.g., arms) in an elevated position (those who keep their arms uplifted, those who reside upwards)

• दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-controlled, subdued, disciplined

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, so, thus

• आर्द्रपटवाससः (ārdrapaṭavāsasaḥ) - ascetics who practice wearing damp clothes as a form of austerity (those who wear wet clothes)

Words meanings and morphology

आकाशनिलयाः (ākāśanilayāḥ) - ascetics who live without shelter, exposed to the elements (those who dwell in the open air, sky-dwellers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ākāśanilaya

ākāśanilaya - dwelling in the air or sky, living without a roof

From ākāśa (sky, open space) + nilaya (dwelling, abode)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ākāśa+nilaya)

• ākāśa – sky, space, ether
  noun (masculine)
• nilaya – abode, dwelling, residence
  noun (masculine)
  From ni-lī (to cling, hide)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: lī (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - likewise, so, thus

(indeclinable)

स्थण्डिलशायिनः (sthaṇḍilaśāyinaḥ) - ascetics who practice sleeping directly on the earth without any bedding (those who sleep on bare ground)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthaṇḍilaśāyin

sthaṇḍilaśāyin - one who sleeps on bare ground (sthaṇḍila)

From sthaṇḍila (bare ground) + śāyin (lying, sleeping)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sthaṇḍila+śāyin)

• sthaṇḍila – bare ground, a patch of ground prepared for sacrifice
  noun (neuter)
• śāyin – lying, sleeping, reposing; one who sleeps
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun / present participle
  From root śī (to lie, sleep) with suffix -in
  Root: śī (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - likewise, so, thus

(indeclinable)

ऊर्ध्ववासिनः (ūrdhvavāsinaḥ) - ascetics who practice holding their limbs (e.g., arms) in an elevated position (those who keep their arms uplifted, those who reside upwards)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ūrdhvavāsin

ūrdhvavāsin - one who holds their arms uplifted (as an ascetic practice)

From ūrdhva (upward) + vāsin (dweller, rester)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ūrdhva+vāsin)

• ūrdhva – upward, elevated, high
  adjective (masculine)
• vāsin – dweller, resident; one who stays or lives
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun / present participle
  From root vas (to dwell) with suffix -in
  Root: vas (class 1)

दान्ताः (dāntāḥ) - self-controlled, subdued, disciplined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānta

dānta - self-controlled, subdued, tamed, disciplined

Past Passive Participle

From root dam (to tame, subdue)

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the types of ascetics mentioned in this and preceding verses.

तथा (tathā) - likewise, so, thus

(indeclinable)

आर्द्रपटवाससः (ārdrapaṭavāsasaḥ) - ascetics who practice wearing damp clothes as a form of austerity (those who wear wet clothes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ārdrapaṭavāsas

ārdrapaṭavāsas - one who wears wet clothes

From ārdra (wet) + paṭa (cloth) + vāsas (garment, wearer)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ārdra+paṭa+vāsas)

• ārdra – wet, moist, damp
  adjective (masculine)
• paṭa – cloth, garment
  noun (masculine)
• vāsas – garment, clothing; wearer (in compound)
  noun (neuter)