वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-5, verse-13

यत् करोति परं धर्मं मुनिर्मूलफलाशनः ।
तत्र राज्ञश्चतुर्भागः प्रजा धर्मेण रक्षतः ॥१३॥

13. yat karoti paraṃ dharmaṃ munirmūlaphalāśanaḥ ,
tatra rājñaścaturbhāgaḥ prajā dharmeṇa rakṣataḥ.

13. yat karoti param dharmam muniḥ mūlaphalāśanaḥ
tatra rājñaḥ caturbhāgaḥ prajā dharmeṇa rakṣataḥ

13. yat mūlaphalāśanaḥ muniḥ param dharmam karoti,
tatra prajā dharmeṇa rakṣataḥ rājñaḥ caturbhāgaḥ (bhavati)

13. Whatever supreme virtue (dharma) is acquired by a sage who subsists on roots and fruits, a one-fourth share of that [merit] belongs to the king who protects his subjects according to natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - what, which, whatever

• करोति (karoti) - does, performs, makes

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - spiritual merit or virtuous practice (virtue, merit, righteousness, natural law)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, contemplative

• मूलफलाशनः (mūlaphalāśanaḥ) - one who eats roots and fruits, subsisting on roots and fruits

• तत्र (tatra) - of that (merit) (there, in that, of that)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• चतुर्भागः (caturbhāgaḥ) - one-fourth share

• प्रजा (prajā) - subjects, progeny, people

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - according to natural law, in a righteous manner (by natural law (dharma), righteously, justly)

• रक्षतः (rakṣataḥ) - of him who protects, of the protector

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - what, which, whatever

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever

करोति (karoti) - does, performs, makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent

Note: Modifies 'dharmam'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - spiritual merit or virtuous practice (virtue, merit, righteousness, natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, virtue, righteousness, religious merit (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'karoti'.

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, contemplative

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, hermit, inspired person

Note: Subject of 'karoti'.

मूलफलाशनः (mūlaphalāśanaḥ) - one who eats roots and fruits, subsisting on roots and fruits

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūlaphalāśana

mūlaphalāśana - subsisting on roots and fruits, one who eats roots and fruits

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mūla+phala+āśana)

• mūla – root
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit
  noun (neuter)
• āśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root 'aś' (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Compound adjective modifying 'muniḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - of that (merit) (there, in that, of that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates "of that (merit)".

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Pertains to 'caturbhāgaḥ'.

चतुर्भागः (caturbhāgaḥ) - one-fourth share

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caturbhāga

caturbhāga - one-fourth share

Compound type : karmadhāraya (catur+bhāga)

• catur – four
  numeral
• bhāga – share, portion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied 'is' or 'belongs'.

प्रजा (prajā) - subjects, progeny, people

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, subjects, people, creation

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'rakṣataḥ' (implicitly).

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - according to natural law, in a righteous manner (by natural law (dharma), righteously, justly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Expresses the manner of protection.

रक्षतः (rakṣataḥ) - of him who protects, of the protector

(verbal derivative)

Note: Modifies 'rājñaḥ' (of the king who protects).