वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-5, verse-18

ततस्त्वां शरणार्थं च शरण्यं समुपस्थिताः ।
परिपालय नो राम वध्यमानान्निशाचरैः ॥१८॥

18. tatastvāṃ śaraṇārthaṃ ca śaraṇyaṃ samupasthitāḥ ,
paripālaya no rāma vadhyamānānniśācaraiḥ.

18. tataḥ tvām śaraṇārtham ca śaraṇyam samupasthitāḥ
paripālaya naḥ rāma vadhyamānān niśācaraiḥ

18. rāma tataḥ vadhyamānān niśācaraiḥ (vayam) tvām
śaraṇārtham ca śaraṇyam samupasthitāḥ naḥ paripālaya

18. Then, O Rāma, we have approached you for refuge, as you are our protector, while we are being tormented by the night-roamers. Please protect us.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative singular))

• शरणार्थम् (śaraṇārtham) - for refuge (for the sake of refuge, for refuge)

• च (ca) - and

• शरण्यम् (śaraṇyam) - our protector (worthy of refuge) (worthy of refuge, protector, refuge)

• समुपस्थिताः (samupasthitāḥ) - we have approached (approached, stood near, presented oneself)

• परिपालय (paripālaya) - protect (us) (protect, guard, cherish)

• नः (naḥ) - us (us (accusative/dative/genitive plural))

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• वध्यमानान् (vadhyamānān) - (us) who are being tormented/slain (being slain, being killed)

• निशाचरैः (niśācaraiḥ) - by the night-roamers (rākṣasas) (by night-wanderers, by demons)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

शरणार्थम् (śaraṇārtham) - for refuge (for the sake of refuge, for refuge)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇārtha

śaraṇārtha - for the purpose of refuge, seeking refuge

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaraṇa+artha)

• śaraṇa – refuge, shelter, protection
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śṝ (class 9)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially here

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शरण्यम् (śaraṇyam) - our protector (worthy of refuge) (worthy of refuge, protector, refuge)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaraṇya

śaraṇya - to be resorted to, offering refuge, a protector

Gerundive

Derived from root śṝ with suffix -ṇya

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies "tvām" (you)

समुपस्थिताः (samupasthitāḥ) - we have approached (approached, stood near, presented oneself)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samupasthita

samupasthita - approached, present, attended, stood near

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root sthā with prefixes sam and upa

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is "we" (vayam)

परिपालय (paripālaya) - protect (us) (protect, guard, cherish)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of paripāl

Causative/Denominative

From root pāl (to protect) with prefix pari; or derived from paripāla (protector) as a denominative verb

Prefix: pari

Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Addressed to Rāma

नः (naḥ) - us (us (accusative/dative/genitive plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, plural of asmad

asmad - we

Note: Object of 'paripālaya'

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name), pleasing, dark-colored

Root: ram (class 1)

वध्यमानान् (vadhyamānān) - (us) who are being tormented/slain (being slain, being killed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being slain, being tormented

Present Passive Participle

From root vadh (to strike, kill) in passive voice, with śānac suffix

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'naḥ' (us)

निशाचरैः (niśācaraiḥ) - by the night-roamers (rākṣasas) (by night-wanderers, by demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśācara

niśācara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (niśā+cara)

• niśā – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering, a mover
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root car (to move)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'vadhyamānān'