वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-35, verse-23

अहं तु मन्ये तव न क्षमं रणे समागमं कोसलराजसूनुना ।
इदं हि भूयः शृणु वाक्यमुत्तमं क्षमं च युक्तं च निशाचराधिप ॥२३॥

23. ahaṃ tu manye tava na kṣamaṃ raṇe samāgamaṃ kosalarājasūnunā ,
idaṃ hi bhūyaḥ śṛṇu vākyamuttamaṃ kṣamaṃ ca yuktaṃ ca niśācarādhipa.

23. aham tu manye tava na kṣamam raṇe
samāgamam kosalarājasūnunā idam
hi bhūyaḥ śṛṇu vākyam uttamam
kṣamam ca yuktam ca niśācarādhipa

23. niśācarādhipa aham tu manye raṇe
kosalarājasūnunā tava samāgamam
na kṣamam hi idam bhūyaḥ kṣamam
ca yuktam ca uttamam vākyam śṛṇu

23. But I believe that a confrontation with the son of the Kosala king in battle is not appropriate for you. Indeed, O lord of the night-prowlers, listen again to this excellent advice, which is both fitting and proper.

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• मन्ये (manye) - I believe (I think, I believe, I consider)

• तव (tava) - for you (implied dative/genitive of interest) (your, of you)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - appropriate (capable, fit, appropriate, suitable)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• समागमम् (samāgamam) - a confrontation (meeting, conjunction, encounter, confrontation)

• कोसलराजसूनुना (kosalarājasūnunā) - with the son of the Kosala king (Rāma) (by the son of the Kosala king)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (hear, listen)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - advice (word, speech, sentence, advice)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - fitting (capable, fit, appropriate, suitable)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper (joined, fit, proper, appropriate)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• निशाचराधिप (niśācarādhipa) - O lord of night-prowlers (Rākṣasas) (O lord of night-prowlers, O king of Rākṣasas)

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

first person pronoun

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

a particle used for emphasis or contrast

मन्ये (manye) - I believe (I think, I believe, I consider)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

present indicative

first person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada), from root man

Root: man (class 4)

Note: The root 'man' is Atmanepadi in this sense.

तव (tava) - for you (implied dative/genitive of interest) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

second person pronoun

Note: Used here with dative force.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

negative particle

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - appropriate (capable, fit, appropriate, suitable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - capable, fit, appropriate, suitable

from root kṣam 'to be patient/able'

Root: kṣam (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

from root raṇ 'to rejoice/sound', also 'to fight'

Root: raṇ (class 1)

समागमम् (samāgamam) - a confrontation (meeting, conjunction, encounter, confrontation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samāgama

samāgama - meeting, encounter, coming together

from root gam 'to go' with prefixes sam- and ā-

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

कोसलराजसूनुना (kosalarājasūnunā) - with the son of the Kosala king (Rāma) (by the son of the Kosala king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kosalarājasūnu

kosalarājasūnu - son of the Kosala king

tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kosala+rājan+sūnu)

• kosala – Kosala (an ancient kingdom)
  proper noun (neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• sūnu – son
  noun (masculine)
  from root sū 'to bear/produce'
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Used with samāgamam for 'with'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

demonstrative pronoun, neuter singular

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

an emphatic or causal particle

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

comparative adverb from root bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (hear, listen)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative

second person singular, active voice, from root śru

Root: śru (class 5)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - advice (word, speech, sentence, advice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, sentence, advice

from root vac 'to speak'

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - excellent, best, supreme, highest

superlative of ud

Root: ud

Note: Agrees with vākyam.

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - fitting (capable, fit, appropriate, suitable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - capable, fit, appropriate, suitable

from root kṣam 'to be patient/able'

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vākyam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper (joined, fit, proper, appropriate)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, fit, proper, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

PPP from root yuj 'to join'

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with vākyam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

निशाचराधिप (niśācarādhipa) - O lord of night-prowlers (Rākṣasas) (O lord of night-prowlers, O king of Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of niśācarādhipa

niśācarādhipa - lord of night-prowlers, king of Rākṣasas

tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niśācara+adhipa)

• niśācara – night-prowler, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
  from niśā 'night' and car 'to move'
  Root: car (class 1)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, king
  noun (masculine)
  from adhi 'over' and pā 'to protect/rule'
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Addressing Rāvaṇa.